Novel Mechanism for Buffering Dietary Salt in Humans Effects of Salt Loading on Skin Sodium, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C, and Blood Pressure

• Published in: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Vol. 70; no. 5; pp. 930 - 937
• Main Authors: Selvarajah, Viknesh, Mäki-Petäjä, Kaisa M., Pedro, Liliana, Bruggraber, Sylvaine F.A., Burling, Keith, Goodhart, Anna K., Brown, Morris J., McEniery, Carmel M., Wilkinson, Ian B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 01.11.2017
• Subjects: Adult; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Blood Pressure - physiology; Diet, Sodium-Restricted - methods; Double-Blind Method; England; Female; Hemodynamics - physiology; Humans; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - diet therapy; Hypertension - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Original; Potassium - analysis; Potassium - metabolism; Renal Elimination - physiology; Sex Factors; Skin - metabolism; Sodium - analysis; Sodium - metabolism; Sodium Chloride - metabolism; Sodium Chloride - pharmacology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C - blood; Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology; skin; blood pressure; sodium; stroke volume; vascular endothelial growth factor C
• ISSN: 0194-911X; 1524-4563; 1524-4563
• DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10003

High dietary sodium intake triggers increased blood pressure (BP). Animal studies show that dietary salt loading results in dermal Na + accumulation and lymphangiogenesis mediated by VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), both attenuating the rise in BP. Our objective was to determine whether these mechanisms function in humans. We assessed skin electrolytes, BP, and plasma VEGF-C in 48 healthy participants randomized to placebo (70 mmol sodium/d) and slow sodium (200 mmol/d) for 7 days. Skin Na + and K + concentrations were measured in mg/g of wet tissue and expressed as the ratio Na + :K + to correct for variability in sample hydration. Skin Na + :K + increased between placebo and slow sodium phases (2.91±0.08 versus 3.12±0.09; P =0.01). In post hoc analysis, there was a suggestion of a sex-specific effect, with a significant increase in skin Na + :K + in men (2.59±0.09 versus 2.88±0.12; P =0.008) but not women (3.23±0.10 versus 3.36±0.12; P =0.31). Women showed a significant increase in 24-hour mean BP with salt loading (93±1 versus 91±1 mm Hg; P <0.001) while men did not (96±2 versus 96±2 mm Hg; P =0.91). Skin Na + :K + correlated with BP, stroke volume, and peripheral vascular resistance in men but not in women. No change was noted in plasma VEGF-C. These findings suggest that the skin may buffer dietary Na + , reducing the hemodynamic consequences of increased salt, and this may be influenced by sex.