History, Memory, and Utopia in the Missionaries' Creation of the Indigenous Movement in Brazil (1967–1988)

• Published in: The Americas (Washington. 1944) Vol. 70; no. 4; pp. 707 - 730
• Main Author: Belleau, Jean-Philippe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.04.2014; Academy of American Franciscan History
• Subjects: Brazilian culture; Catholic churches; Catholicism; Indigenous peoples; Memory; Missionaries; Narratives; Native peoples; Native rights; Numberings; Political activism; Political anthropology; Political representation; Politics; Religious missions; Society of Jesus; Theology; Utopianism; Utopias; Brazil
• ISSN: 0003-1615; 1533-6247
• DOI: 10.1353/tam.2014.0057

On April 17, 1974, and die two days following, a gathering of 16 indigenous participants from nine different indigenous societies was held in Diamantino, Mato Grosso, Brazil. During the three days, vernacular narratives, trivial announcements, and critiques of the government and local ranchers were presented—without any of the participants significantly engaging with one another. Only one primary source on this event, a short, typed document, is available today. The historicity of this “Assembly of Indigenous Chiefs” is granted by both the anthropological and the historical situations of the participating communities. For the first time, individuals from indigenous societies that did not share ethnic borders or history met to advance indigenous rights; for the first time also, these individuals were granted political representation (of their groups), a notion largely foreign to indigenous political traditions. There was a conscious effort to draw chiefs from as many communities as possible and to establish a large, pan-Indian movement.