Postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators to single macronutrient challenges: influence of obesity and sex hormones

• Published in: Food & function Vol. 12; no. 3; pp. 151 - 162
• Main Authors: Ángeles Martínez-García, M, Moncayo, Samuel, Insenser, María, Álvarez-Blasco, Francisco, Luque-Ramírez, Manuel, Escobar-Morreale, Héctor F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 15.02.2021
• Subjects: Adiponectin; adiponectin receptors; Adult; Area Under Curve; blood serum; Deregulation; Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism; Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology; Energy; Energy balance; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Female; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Ghrelin; Glucose; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism; Homeostasis; Homeostasis - physiology; Hormones; Humans; Inflammation; Ingestion; leptin; Leptin - blood; Leptin - metabolism; leptin receptors; Leukocytes; Leukocytes - drug effects; Leukocytes - metabolism; Lipids; Loads (forces); Male; Men; Nutrients - metabolism; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Physiology; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Postprandial Period; Proteins; Receptors; Receptors, Leptin - genetics; Receptors, Leptin - metabolism; Sex hormones; Steroid hormones; Steroids; Women; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2042-6496; 2042-650X; 2042-650X
• DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02305a

We analysed the influence of obesity, sex and sex steroids on the postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators and their receptors to different macronutrient challenges. Seventeen women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, 8 with obesity), 17 non-hyperandrogenic control women (8 with obesity) and 19 control men (9 with obesity) were submitted, on alternate days, to isocaloric (300 kcal) oral glucose, lipid and protein loads. We evaluated serum ghrelin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor and adiponectin levels and the leukocyte gene expression of ghrelin ( GHRL ) and its receptor ( GHSR ), leptin receptor ( LEPR ) and adiponectin receptor 1 ( ADIPOR1 ) during the macronutrient challenges. The postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators were entirely different than those of their related genes. After macronutrient loads the postprandial response of serum energy homeostasis mediators showed a generalized physiological decrease that was blunted in subjects with obesity but was not influenced by sex, sex hormones or PCOS. However, gene expression of GHRL , LEPR and ADIPOR1 showed a marked increase following the ingestion of glucose compared with lipids and proteins, regardless of obesity and sex steroids. The physiological decrease after macronutrient loads, that was deregulated in obesity, did not reflect the acute leukocyte gene expression mainly after glucose, and may suggest a possible role for ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin in the postprandial inflammatory process. We analysed the influence of obesity, sex and sex steroids on the postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators and their receptors to separate glucose, lipid and protein oral challenges.