The effects of simulated and actual visual impairment on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

• Published in: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Vol. 30; no. 4; pp. 523 - 535
• Main Authors: Stark, Zoey, Morrice, Elliot, Murphy, Caitlin, Wittich, Walter, Johnson, Aaron P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Routledge 04.07.2023
• Subjects: Aged; cognitive assessment; Cognitive Dysfunction - complications; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis; Humans; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); simulated visual impairment; Vision Disorders - complications; Vision Disorders - psychology; Visual impairment; visual tasks; simulated visual impairment; cognitive assessment; visual tasks; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); Visual impairment
• ISSN: 1382-5585; 1744-4128; 1744-4128
• DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2055739

Many cognitive assessments include a visual component; however, adults may experience a decline in visual acuity with age. Scores on cognitive assessments of adults with visual impairments are typically lower than adults with normal vision, however, it is unclear if these lower scores are a consequence of cognitive or visual impairment. We measured the impact of simulated visual impairment on a cognitive screening measure. Undergraduate students were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) under three vision conditions (20/20, simulated 20/80, simulated 20/200). We found a main effect of vision condition on test performance such that there is a statistically significant difference between scores on the 20/20 and 20/80 conditions and 20/200. However, no differences were observed between 20/80 and 20/200. Participants' performance decreased with simulated impairments. A secondary between-subject analysis was conducted on a sample of older adults with and without vision impairment; no differences were found.