Design of a 2-DOF-PID controller using an improved sine–cosine algorithm for load frequency control of a three-area system with nonlinearities
This paper proposes an improved sine–cosine algorithm (ISCA) based 2-DOF-PID controller for load frequency control. A three-area test system is built for study, while some physical constraints (nonlinearities) are considered for the investigation of a realistic power system. The proposed method is u...
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| Published in | Protection and control of modern power systems Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 33 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Singapore
Springer Nature Singapore
01.12.2022
Power System Protection and Control Press |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2367-2617 2367-0983 2367-0983 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s41601-022-00255-w |
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| Abstract | This paper proposes an improved sine–cosine algorithm (ISCA) based 2-DOF-PID controller for load frequency control. A three-area test system is built for study, while some physical constraints (nonlinearities) are considered for the investigation of a realistic power system. The proposed method is used as the parameter optimizer of the LFC controller in different scenarios. The 2-DOF-PID controllers are used because of their capability of fast disturbance rejection without significant increase of overshoot in set-point tracking. The 2-DOF-PID controllers’ efficacy is observed by examining the responses with the outcomes obtained with PID and FOPID controllers. The simulation results with the suggested scheme are correlated with some of the existing algorithms, such as SCA, SSA, ALO, and PSO in three different scenarios, i.e., a disturbance in two areas, in three areas, and in the presence of physical constraints. In addition, the study is extended to a four-area power system. Statistical analysis is performed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test (WSRT) on 20 independent runs. This confirms the supremacy of the proposed method. |
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| AbstractList | This paper proposes an improved sine–cosine algorithm (ISCA) based 2-DOF-PID controller for load frequency control. A three-area test system is built for study, while some physical constraints (nonlinearities) are considered for the investigation of a realistic power system. The proposed method is used as the parameter optimizer of the LFC controller in different scenarios. The 2-DOF-PID controllers are used because of their capability of fast disturbance rejection without significant increase of overshoot in set-point tracking. The 2-DOF-PID controllers’ efficacy is observed by examining the responses with the outcomes obtained with PID and FOPID controllers. The simulation results with the suggested scheme are correlated with some of the existing algorithms, such as SCA, SSA, ALO, and PSO in three different scenarios, i.e., a disturbance in two areas, in three areas, and in the presence of physical constraints. In addition, the study is extended to a four-area power system. Statistical analysis is performed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test (WSRT) on 20 independent runs. This confirms the supremacy of the proposed method. |
| ArticleNumber | 33 |
| Author | Kar, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Neelesh Kumar Singh, Arun Kumar |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Neelesh Kumar surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Neelesh Kumar email: 2018rsee008@nitjsr.ac.in organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur – sequence: 2 givenname: Manoj Kumar surname: Kar fullname: Kar, Manoj Kumar organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur – sequence: 3 givenname: Arun Kumar surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Arun Kumar organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur |
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| Keywords | Load frequency control Statistical analysis Improved sine–cosine algorithm FOPID WSRT 2-DOF-PID |
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| References | JagatheesanKAnandBDeyKNAshourASSatapathySCPerformance evaluation of objective functions in automatic generation control of thermal power system using ant colony optimization technique-designed proportional–integral–derivative controllerElectrical Engineering2018100289591110.1007/S00202-017-0555-X GuhaDRoyPKBanerjeeSQuasi-oppositional JAYA optimized 2-degree-of-freedom PID controller for load-frequency control of interconnected power systemsInternational Journal of Modelling and Simulation2020000012310.1080/02286203.2020.1829444 FathyAKassemAMAntlion optimizer-ANFIS load frequency control for multi-interconnected plants comprising photovoltaic and wind turbineISA Transactions20198728229610.1016/j.isatra.2018.11.035 KhokharBDahiyaSSingh-ParmarKPA robust cascade controller for load frequency control of a standalone microgrid incorporating electric vehiclesElectric Power Components and Systems2020486–771172610.1080/15325008.2020.1797936 SahuPCPrustyRCSahooBKModified sine cosine algorithm-based fuzzy-aided PID controller for automatic generation control of multiarea power systemsSoft Computing20202417129191293610.1007/s00500-020-04716-y Charan PatelNKumar DebnathMPrasad BagartyDDasPGWO tuned multi degree of freedom PID controller for load frequency controlInternational Journal of Engineering & Technology201873.354810.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14831 ZamaniABarakatiSMYousofi-DarmianSDesign of a fractional order PID controller using GBMO algorithm for load–frequency control with governor saturation considerationISA Transactions201664566610.1016/j.isatra.2016.04.021 KhokharBDahiyaSParmarKPSLoad frequency control of a microgrid employing a 2D sine logistic map based chaotic sine cosine algorithmApplied Soft Computing202110910756410.1016/j.asoc.2021.107564 MirjaliliSMMirjaliliSZSaremiSMirjaliliSSine cosine algorithm: Theory, literature review, and application in designing bend photonic crystal waveguides2020Springer1460.76059 KundurPPower system stability and control20098Tata McGraw-Hill1175.94015 SharmaMPrakashSSaxenaSRobust load frequency control using fractional-order TID-PD approach via salp swarm algorithmIETE Journal of Research202110.1080/03772063.2021.1905084 NandaJMishraSSaikiaLCMaiden application of bacterial foraging-based optimization technique in multiarea automatic generation controlIEEE Transactions on Power Systems200924260260910.1109/TPWRS.2009.2016588 SahuRKPandaSPadhanSA novel hybrid gravitational search and pattern search algorithm for load frequency control of nonlinear power systemApplied Soft Computing Journal20152931032710.1016/j.asoc.2015.01.020 SinghRKesarwaniSKGuptaNKAshfaqHDesign of 2-Dof Pid controller for load frequency control of two area power system using Mfo algorithmInternational Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology20209315816110.35940/ijeat.c5009.029320 Dinesh MadasuSSai KumarMLSSinghAKComparable investigation of backtracking search algorithm in automatic generation control for two area reheat interconnected thermal power systemApplied Soft Computing20175519721010.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.018 PainSAcharjeePMultiobjective optimization of load frequency control using PSOInternational Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering2014471622 SharmaMPrakashSSaxenaSDhundharaSOptimal fractional-order tilted-integral-derivative controller for frequency stabilization in hybrid power system using salp swarm algorithmElectrical Power Components and Systems202148181912193110.1080/15325008.2021.1906792 MohapatraTKDeyAKSahuBKEmployment of quasi oppositional SSA-based two-degree-of-freedom fractional order PID controller for AGC of assorted source of generationsIET Generation, Transmission and Distribution202014173365337610.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0284 SondhiSHoteYVFractional order PID controller for perturbed load frequency control using Kharitonov’s theoremInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems20167888489610.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.103 LatifAHussainSMSDasDCUstunTSIqbalAA review on fractional order (FO) controllers’ optimization for load frequency stabilization in power networksEnergy Reports202174009402110.1016/J.EGYR.2021.06.088 Madasu, S. D., Sai Kumar, M. L. S., & Singh, A. K. (2018). A flower pollination algorithm based automatic generation control of interconnected power system. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. Retrieved June 05, 2021, from https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2090447916300892?token=888DDE26161EBD8536B32321A023F501D4402644778263B171C2669901F5B191A3543FB2C83D59DD636863E6AEAA35DF&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210605180519 KhadangaRKKumarAPandaSA novel sine augmented scaled sine cosine algorithm for frequency control issues of a hybrid distributed two-area power systemNeural Computing and Applications202110.1007/s00521-021-05923-w MohantyBPandaSHotaPKDifferential evolution algorithm based automatic generation control for interconnected power systems with non-linearityAlexandria Engineering Journal201453353755210.1016/j.aej.2014.06.006 JaberASAhmadAZAbdallaANAn investigation of scaled-FLC using PSO for multi-area power system load frequency controlEnergy and Power Engineering2013050445846210.4236/epe.2013.54b088 SahuRKPandaSPradhanPCDesign and analysis of hybrid firefly algorithm-pattern search based fuzzy PID controller for LFC of multi area power systemsInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems20156920021210.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.019 SahuRKPandaSRoutUKDE optimized parallel 2-DOF PID controller for load frequency control of power system with governor dead-band nonlinearityInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems2013491193310.1016/j.ijepes.2012.12.009 HoteYVJainSPID controller design for load frequency control: Past, present and future challengesIFAC-PapersOnLine201851460460910.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.162 RajeshKSDashSSLoad frequency control of autonomous power system using adaptive fuzzy based PID controller optimized on improved sine cosine algorithmJournal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing20191062361237310.1007/s12652-018-0834-z DelassiAArifSMokraniLLoad frequency control problem in interconnected power systems using robust fractional PIλD controllerAin Shams Engineering Journal201891778810.1016/j.asej.2015.10.004 AhGHLiYYAnt lion optimized hybrid intelligent PID-based sliding mode controller for frequency regulation of interconnected multi-area power systemsTransactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control20204291594161710.1177/0142331219892728 MirjaliliSSCA: A sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problemsKnowledge-Based Systems20169612013310.1016/j.knosys.2015.12.022 AryaYAutomatic generation control of two-area electrical power systems via optimal fuzzy classical controllerJournal of the Franklin Institute2018355526622688377612510.1016/j.jfranklin.2018.02.0041393.93016 B Khokhar (255_CR28) 2021; 109 B Khokhar (255_CR30) 2020; 48 TK Mohapatra (255_CR22) 2020; 14 255_CR8 A Latif (255_CR12) 2021; 7 A Zamani (255_CR15) 2016; 64 K Jagatheesan (255_CR5) 2018; 100 RK Khadanga (255_CR14) 2021 R Singh (255_CR20) 2020; 9 SM Mirjalili (255_CR31) 2020 RK Sahu (255_CR21) 2013; 49 YV Hote (255_CR2) 2018; 51 RK Sahu (255_CR24) 2015; 69 A Fathy (255_CR25) 2019; 87 PC Sahu (255_CR10) 2020; 24 AS Jaber (255_CR27) 2013; 05 S Sondhi (255_CR16) 2016; 78 S Mirjalili (255_CR32) 2016; 96 D Guha (255_CR19) 2020; 00 B Mohanty (255_CR6) 2014; 53 M Sharma (255_CR29) 2021 S Pain (255_CR26) 2014; 4 A Delassi (255_CR13) 2018; 9 GH Ah (255_CR3) 2020; 42 Y Arya (255_CR11) 2018; 355 S Dinesh Madasu (255_CR4) 2017; 55 N Charan Patel (255_CR18) 2018; 7 J Nanda (255_CR7) 2009; 24 KS Rajesh (255_CR9) 2019; 10 RK Sahu (255_CR23) 2015; 29 M Sharma (255_CR17) 2021; 48 P Kundur (255_CR1) 2009 |
| References_xml | – reference: SahuRKPandaSPradhanPCDesign and analysis of hybrid firefly algorithm-pattern search based fuzzy PID controller for LFC of multi area power systemsInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems20156920021210.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.019 – reference: SondhiSHoteYVFractional order PID controller for perturbed load frequency control using Kharitonov’s theoremInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems20167888489610.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.103 – reference: AryaYAutomatic generation control of two-area electrical power systems via optimal fuzzy classical controllerJournal of the Franklin Institute2018355526622688377612510.1016/j.jfranklin.2018.02.0041393.93016 – reference: Charan PatelNKumar DebnathMPrasad BagartyDDasPGWO tuned multi degree of freedom PID controller for load frequency controlInternational Journal of Engineering & Technology201873.354810.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14831 – reference: NandaJMishraSSaikiaLCMaiden application of bacterial foraging-based optimization technique in multiarea automatic generation controlIEEE Transactions on Power Systems200924260260910.1109/TPWRS.2009.2016588 – reference: MirjaliliSSCA: A sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problemsKnowledge-Based Systems20169612013310.1016/j.knosys.2015.12.022 – reference: RajeshKSDashSSLoad frequency control of autonomous power system using adaptive fuzzy based PID controller optimized on improved sine cosine algorithmJournal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing20191062361237310.1007/s12652-018-0834-z – reference: MirjaliliSMMirjaliliSZSaremiSMirjaliliSSine cosine algorithm: Theory, literature review, and application in designing bend photonic crystal waveguides2020Springer1460.76059 – reference: SahuPCPrustyRCSahooBKModified sine cosine algorithm-based fuzzy-aided PID controller for automatic generation control of multiarea power systemsSoft Computing20202417129191293610.1007/s00500-020-04716-y – reference: KundurPPower system stability and control20098Tata McGraw-Hill1175.94015 – reference: SinghRKesarwaniSKGuptaNKAshfaqHDesign of 2-Dof Pid controller for load frequency control of two area power system using Mfo algorithmInternational Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology20209315816110.35940/ijeat.c5009.029320 – reference: ZamaniABarakatiSMYousofi-DarmianSDesign of a fractional order PID controller using GBMO algorithm for load–frequency control with governor saturation considerationISA Transactions201664566610.1016/j.isatra.2016.04.021 – reference: AhGHLiYYAnt lion optimized hybrid intelligent PID-based sliding mode controller for frequency regulation of interconnected multi-area power systemsTransactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control20204291594161710.1177/0142331219892728 – reference: SharmaMPrakashSSaxenaSDhundharaSOptimal fractional-order tilted-integral-derivative controller for frequency stabilization in hybrid power system using salp swarm algorithmElectrical Power Components and Systems202148181912193110.1080/15325008.2021.1906792 – reference: SharmaMPrakashSSaxenaSRobust load frequency control using fractional-order TID-PD approach via salp swarm algorithmIETE Journal of Research202110.1080/03772063.2021.1905084 – reference: Dinesh MadasuSSai KumarMLSSinghAKComparable investigation of backtracking search algorithm in automatic generation control for two area reheat interconnected thermal power systemApplied Soft Computing20175519721010.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.018 – reference: PainSAcharjeePMultiobjective optimization of load frequency control using PSOInternational Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering2014471622 – reference: SahuRKPandaSRoutUKDE optimized parallel 2-DOF PID controller for load frequency control of power system with governor dead-band nonlinearityInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems2013491193310.1016/j.ijepes.2012.12.009 – reference: FathyAKassemAMAntlion optimizer-ANFIS load frequency control for multi-interconnected plants comprising photovoltaic and wind turbineISA Transactions20198728229610.1016/j.isatra.2018.11.035 – reference: MohantyBPandaSHotaPKDifferential evolution algorithm based automatic generation control for interconnected power systems with non-linearityAlexandria Engineering Journal201453353755210.1016/j.aej.2014.06.006 – reference: KhokharBDahiyaSParmarKPSLoad frequency control of a microgrid employing a 2D sine logistic map based chaotic sine cosine algorithmApplied Soft Computing202110910756410.1016/j.asoc.2021.107564 – reference: Madasu, S. D., Sai Kumar, M. L. S., & Singh, A. K. (2018). A flower pollination algorithm based automatic generation control of interconnected power system. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. Retrieved June 05, 2021, from https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2090447916300892?token=888DDE26161EBD8536B32321A023F501D4402644778263B171C2669901F5B191A3543FB2C83D59DD636863E6AEAA35DF&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210605180519 – reference: MohapatraTKDeyAKSahuBKEmployment of quasi oppositional SSA-based two-degree-of-freedom fractional order PID controller for AGC of assorted source of generationsIET Generation, Transmission and Distribution202014173365337610.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0284 – reference: JaberASAhmadAZAbdallaANAn investigation of scaled-FLC using PSO for multi-area power system load frequency controlEnergy and Power Engineering2013050445846210.4236/epe.2013.54b088 – reference: KhadangaRKKumarAPandaSA novel sine augmented scaled sine cosine algorithm for frequency control issues of a hybrid distributed two-area power systemNeural Computing and Applications202110.1007/s00521-021-05923-w – reference: GuhaDRoyPKBanerjeeSQuasi-oppositional JAYA optimized 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| Snippet | This paper proposes an improved sine–cosine algorithm (ISCA) based 2-DOF-PID controller for load frequency control. A three-area test system is built for... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Control systems design Controllers Design Electrical Machines and Networks Energy Energy Systems Frequency control Literature reviews Nonlinearity Optimization techniques Original Research Power Electronics Proportional integral derivative Rank tests Renewable and Green Energy Statistical analysis Test systems Tracking control Trigonometric functions |
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| Title | Design of a 2-DOF-PID controller using an improved sine–cosine algorithm for load frequency control of a three-area system with nonlinearities |
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