Ethical conundrum of CCTV in the operation theatre

• Published in: Perioperative care and operating room management Vol. 40; p. 100509
• Main Authors: Ayyappan, Sathish, Bhargava, Dr Daideepya Chandra, Jadav, Dr Devendra, Meshram, Dr Vikas P, Kanchan, Dr Tanuj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.09.2025
• Subjects: Autonomy; CCTV; Ethics; Operation theatre; Perioperative; Privacy; Privacy; Ethics; Autonomy; CCTV; Operation theatre
• ISSN: 2405-6030; 2405-6030
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100509

The installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) in operation theatres (OTs) has not been a popular belief; however, its recent introduction in a few countries has generated intense ethical discussions. While CCTV enhances patient safety, procedural transparency, and accountability, it simultaneously raises concerns about privacy, autonomy, and possible exploitation of recorded data. As patients are in an unconscious state during the operation, they remain unaware of the extent of recording or the storage and utilisation of their data, further complicating informed consent protocols. On the other hand, Surgeons and OT staff often perceive surveillance as an intrusion, potentially fostering a culture of mistrust and inhibiting their professional autonomy. Transparent policies, restricted access, secure data management, and obtaining explicit consent are pivotal in addressing these dilemmas. The ethical challenge lies in balancing the benefits and respecting individual rights. This article critically explores the multifaceted ethical and legal challenges of CCTV in OTs.