PRIVOT: Privacy-Resilient Intelligent DAG Blockchain Architecture for IoT

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 13; pp. 137592 - 137602
• Main Authors: Alanazi, Faisal, Zareei, Mahdi, Arreola, Alberto Rodriguez
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2025; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: AI-driven privacy; Artificial intelligence; Blockchain; Blockchains; coded computation; Codes; Computer architecture; Cryptography; DAG-enabled consensus; Data privacy; Internet of Things; IoT security; Privacy; Real-time systems; Scalability; Throughput; zero-knowledge proofs
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3593365

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) demands solutions that can secure massive streams of sensitive data without sacrificing performance. Traditional blockchains struggle in IoT environments, facing significant challenges with transaction speed, scalability, and privacy. This paper introduces PRIVOT, a novel blockchain architecture that integrates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for high-throughput consensus with lightweight zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) for confidential transactions, rateless coded computation for private analytics, and an AI-driven manager that dynamically balances security and efficiency. Our simulations show that PRIVOT significantly outperforms traditional blockchain approaches, achieving high transaction throughput (up to 480 TPS on a 500-device network) with confirmation latencies under 2.1 seconds, even under heavy load. The framework provides robust privacy, limiting data leakage to less than 0.1% against significant node collusion, while keeping computational overhead low enough for resource-constrained IoT devices. By unifying these techniques, PRIVOT offers a scalable and resilient solution ideal for large-scale IoT deployments where both high performance and strong privacy are paramount.