Early Childhood Educators' Self-Efficacy in Science, Math, and Literacy Instruction and Science Practice in the Classroom

• Published in: Early education and development Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 70 - 90
• Main Authors: Gerde, Hope K., Pierce, Steven J., Lee, Kyungsook, Van Egeren, Laurie A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia Routledge 02.01.2018; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Classroom Research; Classrooms; Data Analysis; Early Childhood Education; Early Childhood Teachers; Educational Practices; Elementary School Students; Inservice Education; Instructional Materials; Literacy; Literacy Education; Longitudinal Studies; Markov Processes; Mathematics education; Mathematics Instruction; Mathematics teachers; Monte Carlo Methods; Predictor Variables; Preschool Education; Preschool Teachers; Reading Instruction; Science Achievement; Science Education; Science Instruction; Science Materials; Self Efficacy; Statistical Analysis; Teacher Education; Teacher Surveys; Teaching Methods; Vocational Education; Young Children
• ISSN: 1040-9289; 1556-6935
• DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2017.1360127

Research Findings: Quality early science education is important for addressing the low science achievement, compared to international peers, of elementary students in the United States. Teachers' beliefs about their skills in a content area, that is, their content self-efficacy is important because it has implications for teaching practice and child outcomes. However, little is known about how teachers' self-efficacy for literacy, math and science compare and how domain-specific self-efficacy relates to teachers' practice in the area of science. Analysis of survey and observation data from 67 Head Start classrooms across eight programs indicated that domain-specific self-efficacy was highest for literacy, significantly lower for science, and lowest for math. Classrooms varied, but in general, engaged in literacy far more than science, contained a modest amount of science materials, and their instructional support of science was low. Importantly, self-efficacy for science, but not literacy or math, related to teachers frequency of engaging children in science instruction. Teachers' education and experience did not predict self-efficacy for science. Practice or Policy: To enhance the science opportunities provided in early childhood classrooms, pre-service and in-service education programs should provide teachers with content and practices for science rather than focusing exclusively on literacy.