An innovative approach to integrate unequal protection-based steganography and progressive transmission of physiological data

• Published in: SN applied sciences Vol. 2; no. 2; p. 237
• Main Authors: Sahu, Neerja, Peng, Dongming, Sharif, Hamid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.02.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 3. Engineering (general); Algorithms; Applied and Technical Physics; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry/Food Science; Coding; Communication; Data integrity; Data transmission; Deep learning; Distortion; Earth Sciences; EKG; Electrocardiography; Embedding; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Engineering; Environment; Error correction & detection; Internet of Things; Machine learning; Materials Science; Neural networks; Optimization; Optimization techniques; Physiology; Remote monitoring; Research Article; Steganography; Telemedicine; Transmission efficiency; Wavelet transforms; Joint steganography-source-channel coding; Joint steganography source coding; Correlation; Joint source-channel coding; Electrocardiography (ECG); Unequal error protection (UEP); ); End-to-end distortion; Energy efficiency; Unequal steganography embedding (USE); Deep learning (DL); Security
• ISSN: 2523-3963; 2523-3971; 2523-3971
• DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-1992-0

Evolving digital technologies in remote health monitoring require an energy-efficient method for secure and reliable transmission of patient’s/user’s confidential information from the sensor nodes to the cloud/medical server. Thus, a united scheme of the physiological signal steganography and its communication by benefitting from the unequal significance between different parts of the physiological data are emphasized. We believe higher steganography coding strength and more robust source-channel coding would protect extremely vital parts of the physiological data. Therefore, data integrity and transmission efficiency of packet information achieved in a resilient way. We formulate our idea of joint steganography-source-channel coding ( J S 2 C 2 ) as an optimization problem to simultaneously securing and minimizing the transmission energy consumption. A low-complexity deep learning-based ECG classification algorithm along with its secure and energy-efficient neural J S 2 C 2 transmission for real-time monitoring has been realized. The optimal parameters for our united framework have been calculated by J S 2 C 2 optimization method. Our steganography algorithm unequal steganography embedding (USE) achieves very low wavelet-based weighted percent root-mean-squared difference lower than 0.5 % . Furthermore, the high correlation between cover and stego and low end-to-end mean-square error (MSE) indicates resilient imperceptibility and maintains the diagnosability of the physiological signal. Moreover, low MSE between embedded and extracted data validates that embedded confidential data has been extracted with negligible distortion. In addition, for the given distortion, the USE-based framework’s energy consumption is much smaller (by 55% in typical application scenario) as compared with the equal steganography embedding-based approach’s energy consumption.