On Measures of Uncertainty in Classification

• Published in: IEEE transactions on signal processing Vol. 71; pp. 3710 - 3725
• Main Authors: Chlaily, Saloua, Ratha, Debanshu, Lozou, Pigi, Marinoni, Andrea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Bayes methods; categorical distribution; Classification; Data models; Data points; Entropy; evaluation measure; geometry-based uncertainty; homophily-based uncertainty; Labels; Measurement uncertainty; Predictive models; Reliability analysis; Source code; Uncertainty
• ISSN: 1053-587X; 1941-0476; 1941-0476
• DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2023.3322843

Uncertainty is unavoidable in classification tasks and might originate from data (e.g., due to noise or wrong labeling), or the model (e.g., due to erroneous assumptions, etc). Providing an assessment of uncertainty associated with each outcome is of paramount importance in assessing the reliability of classification algorithms, especially on unseen data. In this work, we propose two measures of uncertainty in classification. One of the measures is developed from a geometrical perspective and quantifies a classifier's distance from a random guess. In contrast, the second proposed uncertainty measure is homophily-based since it takes into account the similarity between the classes. Accordingly, it reflects the type of mistaken classes. The proposed measures are not aggregated, i.e., they provide an uncertainty assessment to each data point. Moreover, they do not require label information. Using several datasets, we demonstrate the proposed measures' differences and merit in assessing uncertainty in classification. The source code is available at github.com/pioui/uncertainty .