Measuring intellectual ability in cerebral palsy: The comparison of three tests and their neuroimaging correlates

• Published in: Research in developmental disabilities Vol. 56; pp. 83 - 98
• Main Authors: Ballester-Plané, Júlia, Laporta-Hoyos, Olga, Macaya, Alfons, Póo, Pilar, Meléndez-Plumed, Mar, Vázquez, Élida, Delgado, Ignacio, Zubiaurre-Elorza, Leire, Narberhaus, Ana, Toro-Tamargo, Esther, Russi, Maria Eugenia, Tenorio, Violeta, Segarra, Dolors, Pueyo, Roser
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2016
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Basal Ganglia - diagnostic imaging; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Cerebral palsy; Cerebral Palsy - diagnostic imaging; Cerebral Palsy - psychology; Child; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability - diagnostic imaging; Intellectual Disability - psychology; Intelligence Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Raven's coloured progressive matrices; Thalamus - diagnostic imaging; Voxel-based morphometry; Wechsler Scales; White Matter - diagnostic imaging; Young Adult; Neuroimaging; Cerebral palsy; Intelligence tests; Raven's coloured progressive matrices; Neuropsychology; Voxel-based morphometry
• ISSN: 0891-4222; 1873-3379; 1873-3379
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.04.009

•RCPM and PPVT-III can be applied regardless of motor and communicative impairments.•The three intelligence tests (RCPM, PPVT-III and WNV) provide different IQ scores.•PPVT-III is the test that provides lower IQ scores.•RCPM provides more information on cognitive performance, including verbal function.•RCPM is sensitive to the state of subcortical nuclei and white matter regions. Standard intelligence scales require both verbal and manipulative responses, making it difficult to use in cerebral palsy and leading to underestimate their actual performance. This study aims to compare three intelligence tests suitable for the heterogeneity of cerebral palsy in order to identify which one(s) could be more appropriate to use. Forty-four subjects with bilateral dyskinetic cerebral palsy (26 male, mean age 23 years) conducted the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd (PPVT-III) and the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). Furthermore, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed. The results show that PPVT-III gives limited information on cognitive performance and brain correlates, getting lower intelligence quotient scores. The WNV provides similar outcomes as RCPM, but cases with severe motor impairment were unable to perform it. Finally, the RCPM gives more comprehensive information on cognitive performance, comprising not only visual but also verbal functions. It is also sensitive to the structural state of the brain, being related to basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter areas such as superior longitudinal fasciculus. So, the RCPM may be considered a standardized easy-to-administer tool with great potential in both clinical and research fields of bilateral cerebral palsy.