Systemic proinflammation after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was correlated to the gut microbiome in HIV‐uninfected humans

• Published in: European journal of clinical investigation Vol. 49; no. 5; pp. e13068 - n/a
• Main Authors: Huang, Shiang‐Fen, Yang, Ying‐Ying, Chou, Kun‐Ta, Fung, Chang‐Phone, Wang, Fu‐Der, Su, Wei‐Juin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2019
• Subjects: 16S rRNA gene; Actinobacteria - immunology; Actinobacteria - physiology; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens; Bacteroidaceae - immunology; Bacteroidaceae - physiology; Bacteroidetes; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; CD3 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - microbiology; CD8 antigen; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - microbiology; Cytokines - metabolism; Dysbacteriosis; Fatigue; Feces - microbiology; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; gut microbiome; Gut microbiota; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunity; Infections; Inflammation; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - microbiology; Interferon; Interleukins; Intestinal microflora; Latent Tuberculosis - immunology; Latent Tuberculosis - microbiology; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Male; Microbiomes; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Peripheral blood; proinflammation; Prospective Studies; Relative abundance; rRNA 16S; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - immunology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - microbiology; Young Adult; proinflammation; gut microbiome; tuberculosis; 16S rRNA gene
• ISSN: 0014-2972; 1365-2362; 1365-2362
• DOI: 10.1111/eci.13068

Background The dysbiosis of gut microbiome and interaction with host immunity after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are under investigation. We had found fatigue symptom concurrent with dysbiosis by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in active tuberculosis (TB). The study aims to assess the inflammatory biomarkers and their interaction with gut microbiome in active TB and latent TB infection before starting anti‐TB regimens. Materials and method Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1B), IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) releasing assay (IGRA) were measured in 25 active TB patients, 32 LTBI subjects and 23 healthy controls (HC). Gut microbiome profiles were obtained using 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing method. Results The leucocytosis (7032 ± 387 cell/cum, P < 0.05), increase in IL‐6 (229.7 ± 104 µg/dL, P < 0.05), and decrease in IL‐4 (0.27 µg/dL ± 0.1, P < 0.05) were presented in active TB. The proportion of polymorphic neutrophil (PMN) in peripheral blood was positively related to the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in LTBI and active TB (R2 = 0.23, P < 0.05). The F/B ratio was positively related to the detectable IL‐1B in TB (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.01) and to the IL‐4 in LTBI (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.05). In LTBI, the relative abundances of Coriobacteriaceae were positively related to the secretion of IFN‐gamma against MTB‐antigens more likely associated with of CD4+ T cell (R2 = 0.42, P < 0.05). Conclusion In active TB, dysbiosis with higher relative abundances of Bacteroidetes in stool and low F/B ratio was related to systemic proinflammation. In LTBI, dose‐response relationship between peripheral PMN and relative abundances of Bacteroidetes was remained but not leads to systemic inflammation.