Local labour demand and immigrant employment

• Published in: Labour economics Vol. 63; p. 101808
• Main Authors: Azlor, Luz, Damm, Anna Piil, Schultz-Nielsen, Marie Louise
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.04.2020
• Subjects: Asylum seekers; Employment; Immigrants; Natural experiment; Refugees; Settlement policies; Asylum seekers; J61; Employment; J71; Settlement policies; J23; Refugees; Immigrants; J68; Natural experiment
• ISSN: 0927-5371; 1879-1034
• DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101808

•This paper investigates the effect of local labour demand on employment of immigrant workers.•We take into account self-selection into locations by estimating the effects for refugees who were subject to the Danish spatial dispersal policy from 1999–2010 using full population Danish administrative registers that contain information on admission class of immigrants.•We identify refugee status without any measurement error. Our findings show that assignment to a municipality with a one percentage point higher employment rate increases the employment probability of refugees by 0.5–0.6 percentage points (elasticities 1.1–1.8) two–four years after asylum in Denmark.•While assignment to a municipality with a one percentage point higher unemployment rate decreases the individual employment probability of refugees by 0.9–1.7 percentage points (elasticities −0.16–(−0.19) two to four years after asylum.•We also find significant effects of alternative measures of local labour demand on employment chances of refugees. Our results provide quasi-experimental evidence that immigrant employment is sensitive to local labour demand conditions. This study investigates the effect of local labour demand on employment of immigrant workers. We address the challenge of location sorting by estimating the effects of initial local labour demand for refugees who were subject to the Danish Spatial Dispersal Policy from 1999–2010. After location assignment, refugees participate in a 3-year introduction programme; eligibility to means-tested welfare benefits during programme participation is conditional on residing in the assigned municipality. We use full population Danish administrative registers that contain information on admission class of immigrants and identify refugee status without any measurement error. Our findings show that four years after assignment, 83% of refugees still live in the assigned municipality. Moreover, assignment to a municipality with a one percentage point higher employment rate increases the employment probability of refugees by 0.5–0.6 percentage points (elasticities 1.1–1.8) two to four years after arrival in Denmark. We also find consistent significant effects of alternative measures of local labour demand on employment chances of refugees. Our results provide quasi-experimental evidence that immigrant employment is sensitive to labour market conditions in the initial location and highlight the importance of carefully designing refugee allocation policies.