Modeling Intershot Variability for Robust Temporal Subsampling of Dynamic, GABA‐Edited MR Spectroscopy Data

• Published in: NMR in biomedicine Vol. 38; no. 9; pp. e70097 - n/a
• Main Authors: Craven, Alexander R., Ersland, Lars, Hugdahl, Kenneth, Grüner, Renate
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2025
• Subjects: Adult; artifact reduction; Bias; Estimates; Female; functional spectroscopy; GABA; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism; Humans; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods; Male; MEGA‐PRESS; Metabolic response; Metabolites; Modelling; MRS; Time Factors; Variability; γ-Aminobutyric acid; GABA; functional spectroscopy; MEGA‐PRESS; artifact reduction; MRS
• ISSN: 0952-3480; 1099-1492; 1099-1492
• DOI: 10.1002/nbm.70097

ABSTRACT Variability between individual transients in an MRS acquisition presents a challenge for reliable quantification, particularly in functional scenarios where discrete subsets of the available transients may be compared. The current study aims to develop and validate a model for removing unwanted variance from GABA‐edited MRS data, while preserving variance of potential interest—such as metabolic response to a functional task. A linear model is used to describe sources of variance in the system: intrinsic, periodic variance associated with phase cycling and spectral editing, and abrupt changes associated with subject movement. Changing spectral lineshape is also considered. We broadly hypothesize that modeling these factors appropriately will improve spectral quality and reduce variance in quantification outcomes, without introducing bias to the estimates. We additionally anticipate that the models will improve (or at least maintain) sensitivity to simulated functional changes. In vivo GABA‐edited MRS data (203 subjects from the publicly available Big GABA collection) were subsampled strategically to assess individual components of the model, benchmarked against the uncorrected case and against established approaches such as spectral improvement by Fourier thresholding (SIFT). Changes in metabolite concentration and lineshape simulating response to a functional task were synthesized, and sensitivity to such changes was assessed. Composite models yielded improved SNR and reduced variability of GABA+ estimates compared to the uncorrected case in all scenarios, with performance for individual model components varying. Similarly, while some model components in isolation led to increased variability in estimates, no bias was observed in these or in the composite models. While SIFT yielded the greatest reductions in unwanted variance, the resultant data were substantially less sensitive to synthetic functional changes. We conclude that the modeling presented is effective at reducing unwanted variance, while retaining (simulated) temporal dynamics of interest for functional MRS applications, and suggest including it in fMRS processing pipelines. In dynamic MRS analysis, unwanted variability between transients may confound findings when subsampling within a single acquisition. We investigate covariate models and lineshape matching strategies to address this. We present composite models yielding improved quality metrics and within‐scan repeatability while maintaining sensitivity to (synthetic) functional changes.