Sleep pattern inference using IoT sonar monitoring and machine learning with Kennard-stone balance algorithm

• Published in: Computers & electrical engineering Vol. 93; p. 107181
• Main Authors: Li, Tengyue, Wu, Yaoyang, Wu, Feng, Mohammed, Sabah, Wong, Raymond K., Ong, Kok-Leong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2021; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Algorithms; Data sampling; Data stream mining; Data transmission; IoT monitoring; Machine learning; Microphones; Monitoring; Pattern recognition; Sensors; Sleep; Sleep pattern analysis; Sonar; Sonar sensors; Stone; IoT monitoring; Sleep pattern analysis; Data stream mining; Data sampling; Sonar sensors
• ISSN: 0045-7906; 1879-0755
• DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107181

A new paradigm of IoT monitoring using sonar sensors and microphones is studied as a contactless alternative to the traditional devices for sleep disorders in this paper. A pair of sonar sensors are used to measure the distance from the bottom and side of the body to the bedside respectively, and the basic posture of the human body during sleep can be inferred by using machine learning. When a person sleeps still, two streams of sonar signals from two adjacent sides remain unchanged. Any movement would disrupt the stationary sonar streams. Hence it could be detected as change of posture from lying still. Different sonar patterns could be recognized as specific sleeping postures by some non-linear machine learning model. This simple and novel solution could potentially be used as an alternative or supplementary to video analytics which can feedback to the user about their sleeping pattern. A new data transformation method namely Kennard-stone Balance (KSB) algorithm is also proposed for simplifying the data streams and enhancing the accuracy of the machine learning model. Simulation results show the feasibility of this sonar method, and KSB is able to improve the pattern recognition performance.