Investigating Fuel Efficiency of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning Using a CFD Model Investigating Fuel Efficiency of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning Using a CFD Model

• Published in: Asia-Pacific journal of atmospheric sciences Vol. 61; no. 2; pp. 1 - 16
• Main Authors: Kim, EunRyoung, Kang, Yeri, Hwang, Ha, Kim, Jae-Jin, Song, Chang-Keun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul Korean Meteorological Society 01.05.2025; Springer Nature B.V; 한국기상학회
• Subjects: Air flow; Atmospheric Sciences; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide emissions; Climatology; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Efficiency; Emissions control; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Field tests; Fluid dynamics; Geophysics/Geodesy; Hydrodynamics; Original Article; Trucks; 대기과학; CFD; Energy efficiency; Truck platooning; Carbon dioxide emissions; Heavy-duty vehicles
• ISSN: 1976-7633; 1976-7951
• DOI: 10.1007/s13143-025-00390-y

Platooning represents a crucial strategy for mitigating emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). This study evaluates the effects of platoon composition on the surrounding airflow utilizing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and quantifies the resultant fuel efficiency and CO 2 emissions. This study examines fuel consumption data reconstructed from field experiments to validate the CFD model’s ability to accurately simulate drag forces within a homogeneous three-truck platoon. The potential for fuel savings was assessed based on CFD-simulated fuel consumption, taking into account various inter-vehicle distances and driving speeds. The model successfully reproduced the fuel consumption observed in a platooning formation comprising lead, middle, and trailing trucks, with an error margin below 6.2%. Fuel consumption analysis shows that while lead and middle trucks consume more fuel with increased inter-vehicle distances, the trailing truck's consumption decreases at specific distance-to-length ratios (D/L), increasing again beyond a D/L of 1.1. Additionally, a significant decrease in total fuel efficiency was noted for D/L ratios exceeding 1.5. Considering the diverse platooning scenarios analyzed, the study anticipates an annual reduction of up to 7 tons of CO 2 equivalent per vehicle. By optimizing platooning configurations, this research contributes to enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions from HDVs.