A Case Report of the Second de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with the First AML

• Published in: The Korean journal of internal medicine Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 110 - 113
• Main Authors: Cho, Byung-Sik, Kim, Hee-Je, Eom, Ki-Sung, Lee, Jong-Wook, Min, Woo-Sung, Kim, Chun-Choo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) The Korean Association of Internal Medicine 01.03.2010; 대한내과학회
• Subjects: Adult; Case Report; Cytogenetic Analysis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - pathology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - therapy; Male; Neoplasms, Second Primary - etiology; Neoplasms, Second Primary - pathology; Transplantation, Homologous; 내과학; Leukemia, myeloid, acute; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• ISSN: 1226-3303; 2005-6648
• DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.1.110

Secondary leukemia occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare. Secondary AML usually follows autologous and not allogeneic transplants. When a new leukemia develops in a patient successfully treated with an allogeneic HSCT, the possibility of a de novo or secondary leukemia from either the donor or recipient should be considered. We present a case initially diagnosed as de novo AML without a cytogenetic abnormality. The patient was successfully treated with an HLA-matched sibling allogeneic HSCT. However, more than six years later, AML developed again and was associated with new complex cytogenetic abnormalities. After a second HSCT, the patient has been followed without serious complications. Considering the allogeneic setting, the newly developed cytogenetic abnormalities, a relatively long latent period, and the good clinical course after the second allogeneic HSCT, this case might represent a second de novo AML following successful treatment of the first AML.