Concordance and Prognostic Relevance of Angiographic and Clinical Definitions of Myocardial Infarction Type

• Published in: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 463 - 472
• Main Authors: Hoang, Truong H., Lazarev, Pavel V., Maiskov, Victor V., Merai, Imad A., Kobalava, Zhanna D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.09.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Thrombosis - complications; Coronary Thrombosis - diagnostic imaging; Coronary Thrombosis - epidemiology; Female; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - classification; Myocardial Infarction - complications; Myocardial Infarction - diagnostic imaging; Myocardial Infarction - mortality; Plaque, Atherosclerotic - complications; Plaque, Atherosclerotic - diagnostic imaging; Prognosis; Russia - epidemiology; Severity of Illness Index; Russia; atherothrombosis; type 1 myocardial infarction; coronary angiography; type 2 myocardial infarction
• ISSN: 1074-2484; 1940-4034; 1940-4034
• DOI: 10.1177/10742484211005929

Background: Atherothrombosis is the principal mechanism of type 1 (T1) myocardial infarction (MI), while type 2 (T2) MI is typically diagnosed in the presence of triggers (anemia, arrhythmia, etc.). We aimed to evaluate the proportions of T1 vs. T2 MI based on angiographic and clinical definitions, their concordance and prognosis. Methods: Consecutive MI patients [n = 712, 61% male; age 64.6 ± 12.3 years] undergoing coronary angiography were classified according to the presence of atherothrombosis and identifiable triggers. Association of angiographic and clinical MI type criteria with adverse outcomes (Time follow-up was 1.5 years) was evaluated. Predictive ability of GRACE risk score for all-cause mortality was then assessed. Results: Atherothrombosis and clinical triggers were identified in 397 (55.6%) and 324 (45.5%) subjects, respectively. Only 247 (34.7%) patients had “true” T1MI (atherothrombosis+ / triggers−); 174 (24.4%) were diagnosed with “true” T2MI (atherothrombosis− / triggers+), while 291 (40.9%) had discordant clinical and angiographic characteristics. All-cause mortality in T2MI (20.1%) patients was higher than in T1MI (9.3%), P = 0.002. Presence of triggers [odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.6, P < 0.0001] but not atherothrombosis [OR 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.3, P = 0.26] was associated with worse prognosis. GRACE score is a better predictor of death in T1MI vs. T2MI: area under curve 0.893 (95% CI 0.830-0.956) vs 0.748 (95% CI 0.652-0.843), P = 0.013 Conclusion: Angiographic and clinical definitions of MI type are discordant in a substantial proportion of patients. Clinical triggers are associated with all-cause mortality. Predictive performance of GRACE score is worse in T2MI patients.