3D nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks with hierarchical pores and graphitic carbon channels for high-performance hybrid energy storages

• Published in: Materials horizons Vol. 11; no. 2; pp. 566 - 577
• Main Authors: Choi, Jae Won, Park, Dong Gyu, Kim, Keon-Han, Choi, Won Ho, Park, Min Gyu, Kang, Jeung Ku
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 22.01.2024
• Subjects: Anodes; Carbon; Cathodes; Channels; Electrode materials; Electron transport; Graphitization; Metal-organic frameworks; Nitrogen; Porosity; Rescaling; Sodium; Stability; Synthesis; Tin dioxide; Tin oxides
• ISSN: 2051-6347; 2051-6355; 2051-6355
• DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01473h

In principle, hybrid energy storages can utilize the advantages of capacitor-type cathodes and battery-type anodes, but their cathode and anode materials still cannot realize a high energy density, fast rechargeable capability, and long-cycle stability. Herein, we report a strategy to synthesize cathode and anode materials as a solution to overcome this challenge. Firstly, 3D nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous graphitic carbon (NHPGC) frameworks were synthesized as cathode materials using Co-Zn mixed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A high capacity is achieved due to the abundant nitrogen and micropores produced by the MOF nanocages and evaporation of Zn. Also, fast ion/electron transport channels were derived through the Co-catalyzed hierarchical porosity control and graphitization. Moreover, tin oxide precursors were introduced in NHPGC to form the SnO 2 @NHPGC anode. Operando X-ray diffraction revealed that the rescaled subnanoparticles as anodic units facilitated the high capacity during ion insertion-induced rescaling. Besides, the Sn-N bonds endowed the anode with a cycling stability. Furthermore, the NHPGC cathode and SnO 2 @NHPGC achieved an ultrahigh energy density (up to 244.5 W h kg −1 for Li and 146.1 W h kg −1 for Na), fast rechargeable capability (up to 93C-rate for Li and 147C-rate for Na) as exhibited by photovoltaic recharge within a minute and a long-cycle stability with ∼100% coulombic efficiency over 10 000 cycles. 3D nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous graphitic carbon cathode and subnanometric tin oxide nanocrystals anode materials are derived from Co-Zn mixed metal-organic frameworks to achieve high-performance Li-ion and Na-ion hybrid energy storage devices.