BWDO algorithm and its application in antenna array and pixelated metasurface synthesis

• Published in: IET microwaves, antennas & propagation Vol. 13; no. 9; pp. 1263 - 1270
• Main Authors: Ranjan, Prakash, Mahto, Santosh Kumar, Choubey, Arvind
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Institution of Engineering and Technology 24.07.2019
• Subjects: antenna array problem; antenna arrays; antenna radiation patterns; artificial magnetic conductor; binary string; binary version; binary‐valued problems; BWDO algorithm; conductors (electric); electromagnetic problems; electromagnetic wave absorption; electromagnetic wave reflection; frequency 0.16 GHz; frequency 0.34 GHz; frequency 0.58 GHz; frequency 14.6 GHz; frequency 15.3 GHz; frequency 16.5 GHz; frequency 5.07 GHz; frequency 5.21 GHz; frequency 6.49 GHz; frequency 8.7 GHz; frequency 9.7 GHz; frequency selective surface; frequency selective surfaces; human experience; metamaterial antennas; metasurface synthesis; minimum side‐lobe level; multiobjective optimisation problems; optimisation; periodic array; reflection coefficient value; Research Article; single objective optimisation problems; standard benchmark functions; standard WDO algorithm; synthesised metasurfaces; trial‐and‐error technology; wind driven optimisation; synthesised metasurfaces; frequency selective surfaces; conductors (electric); frequency 0.16 GHz; frequency 9.7 GHz; binary-valued problems; electromagnetic wave absorption; minimum side-lobe level; metasurface synthesis; frequency 6.49 GHz; wind driven optimisation; single objective optimisation problems; frequency 0.58 GHz; electromagnetic problems; metamaterial antennas; optimisation; human experience; antenna radiation patterns; periodic array; antenna arrays; electromagnetic wave reflection; standard benchmark functions; multiobjective optimisation problems; standard WDO algorithm; frequency 14.6 GHz; frequency 16.5 GHz; frequency 15.3 GHz; frequency 5.21 GHz; frequency selective surface; binary version; binary string; frequency 0.34 GHz; artificial magnetic conductor; reflection coefficient value; BWDO algorithm; frequency 8.7 GHz; trial-and-error technology; antenna array problem; frequency 5.07 GHz
• ISSN: 1751-8725; 1751-8733
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2018.5051

This article introduces a novel, binary version of wind driven optimisation (WDO) called binary WDO (BWDO), which can be specifically used for solving binary valued problems such as antenna array and metasurface synthesis. Validation of proposed algorithm is done with standard benchmark functions. To demonstrate the efficiency of BWDO, examples of thinned antenna array and metasurface synthesis are considered. Thinned antenna array problem is solved by formulating single and multi-objective optimisation problems which achieve minimum SLL of −22.30 dB and −20.28 dB respectively, as compared to −13.2 dB by periodic array. Further, the proposed BWDO algorithm is interface with Ansys-HFSS and three design examples of metasurfaces such as MPA and AMC are further considered to exemplify the proficiency of BWDO. Simulation of optimised MPA exhibits five discrete bands of high absorptions at 8.7, 9.7, 14.6, 15.3 and 16.5 GHz with simulation reflection co-efficient value of −11.46, −10.00, −12.17, −16.19 and −20.58 dB which is less than −10 dB reflection under normal incidence of wave. Synthesised single and dual band AMC has in-phase reflection bandwidth of 0.58 and 0.34, 0.16 GHz at central frequency of 5.21 and 5.07, 6.49 GHz respectively. The measured results almost matched with the respective simulated results with slight variation due to fabrication tolerance.