A Narrative Review of the Published Pre-Clinical Evaluations: Multiple Effects of Arachidonic Acid, its Metabolic Enzymes and Metabolites in Epilepsy

• Published in: Molecular neurobiology Vol. 62; no. 1; pp. 288 - 303
• Main Authors: Zeng, Meng-liu, Xu, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.01.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Arachidonic acid; Arachidonic Acid - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain research; Cell Biology; Central nervous system; Clinical trials; Convulsions & seizures; Cytochrome; Cytochrome P450; Cytoplasm; Diglycerides; Enzyme kinetics; Enzymes; Epilepsy; Epilepsy - etiology; Epilepsy - metabolism; Humans; Lipoprotein lipase; Lipoxygenase; Metabolism; Metabolites; Nervous system; Neurobiology; Neurology; Neurosciences; Phospholipase; Phospholipase A2; Phospholipase C; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase; Proteins; Review; Roles; Cyclooxygenase-2; Metabolic Enzymes; Metabolites; Arachidonic acid; Epilepsy
• ISSN: 0893-7648; 1559-1182; 1559-1182
• DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04274-6

Arachidonic acid (AA), an important polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, is hydrolyzed by a direct action of phospholipase A 2  (PLA 2 ) or through the combined action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase, and released into the cytoplasm. Various derivatives of AA can be synthesized mainly through the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme pathways. AA and its metabolic enzymes and metabolites play important roles in a variety of neurophysiological activities. The abnormal metabolites and their catalytic enzymes in the AA cascade are related to the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including epilepsy. Here, we systematically reviewed literatures in PubMed about the latest randomized controlled trials, animal studies and clinical studies concerning the known features of AA, its metabolic enzymes and metabolites, and their roles in epilepsy. The exclusion criteria include non-original studies and articles not in English.