Two Approaches to Building Time-Windowed Geometric Data Structures

• Published in: Algorithmica Vol. 81; no. 9; pp. 3519 - 3533
• Main Authors: Chan, Timothy M., Hershberger, John, Pratt, Simon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 16.09.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity; Algorithms; Combinatorial analysis; Computational geometry; Computer Science; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks; Convexity; Data structures; Data Structures and Information Theory; Hulls; Mathematics of Computing; Theory of Computation; Windows (intervals); Range searching; Dynamic convex hull; Time window; Geometric data structures
• ISSN: 0178-4617; 1432-0541
• DOI: 10.1007/s00453-019-00588-3

Given a set of geometric objects each associated with a time value, we wish to determine whether a given property is true for a subset of those objects whose time values fall within a query time window. We call such problems time-windowed decision problems , and they have been the subject of much recent attention, for instance studied by Bokal et al. (in: Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG), pp 240–254, 2015 ). In this paper, we present new approaches to this class of problems that are conceptually simpler than Bokal et al. ’s, and also lead to faster algorithms. For instance, we present algorithms for preprocessing for both the time-windowed 2D diameter decision problem and the time-windowed 2D convex hull area decision problem in O ( n log n ) time, improving Bokal et al. ’s O ( n log 2 n ) and O ( n log n log log n ) solutions respectively. Our first approach is to reduce time-windowed decision problems to a generalized range successor problem, which we solve using a novel way to search range trees. Our other approach is to use dynamic data structures directly, taking advantage of a new observation that the total number of combinatorial changes to a planar convex hull is linear for any FIFO update sequence, in which deletions occur in the same order as insertions. We also apply these approaches to obtain the first O ( n polylog n ) algorithms for the time-windowed 3D diameter decision and 2D orthogonal segment intersection detection problems.