Spiketrum: An FPGA-Based Implementation of a Neuromorphic Cochlea

• Published in: IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Vol. 72; no. 4; pp. 1648 - 1656
• Main Authors: Alsakkal, Mhd Anas, Wijekoon, Jayawan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.04.2025; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Biological information theory; Biological system modeling; Cochlea; Codes; Ear; Encoding; Feature extraction; Feedback control systems; Field programmable gate arrays; Filters; FPGA-based implementation; Gammatone filters; Hardware; Information systems; Kernel; neuromorphic engineering; Optimization; Power consumption; Power management; Real time; Real-time systems; Spike-based coding; Waveforms
• ISSN: 1549-8328; 1558-0806
• DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2025.3526585

This paper presents a novel FPGA-based neuromorphic cochlea, leveraging the general-purpose spike-coding algorithm, Spiketrum. The focus of this study is on the development and characterization of this cochlea model, which excels in transforming audio vibrations into biologically realistic auditory spike trains. These spike trains are designed to withstand neural fluctuations and spike losses while accurately encapsulating the spatial and precise temporal characteristics of audio, along with the intensity of incoming vibrations. Noteworthy features include the ability to generate real-time spike trains with minimal information loss and the capacity to reconstruct original signals. This fine-tuning capability allows users to optimize spike rates, achieving an optimal balance between output quality and power consumption. Furthermore, the integration of a feedback system into Spiketrum enables selective amplification of specific features while attenuating others, facilitating adaptive power consumption based on application requirements. The hardware implementation supports both spike-based and non-spike-based processors, making it versatile for various computing systems. The cochlea's ability to encode diverse sensory information, extending beyond sound waveforms, positions it as a promising sensory input for current and future spike-based intelligent computing systems, offering compact and real-time spike train generation.