Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS ha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 217 - 229
Main Authors Baskaran, Archit B, Grebenciucova, Elena, Shoemaker, Thomas, Graham, Edith L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Korea (South) Korean Neurological Association 01.05.2023
Subjects
Review
autoimmune neurology
neuroimmunology
multiple sclerosis
review
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ISSN1738-6586
2005-5013
DOI10.3988/jcn.2022.0208

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Summary:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDA-approved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
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ISSN:1738-6586
2005-5013
DOI:10.3988/jcn.2022.0208