The role of cesium-131 brachytherapy in brain tumors: a scoping review of the literature and ongoing clinical trials

Purpose Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. Methods PubMed, Web...

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Published inJournal of neuro-oncology Vol. 159; no. 1; pp. 117 - 133
Main Authors Palmisciano, Paolo, Haider, Ali S., Balasubramanian, Kishore, D’Amico, Randy S., Wernicke, Alla Gabriella
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.08.2022
Springer Nature B.V
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0167-594X
1573-7373
1573-7373
DOI10.1007/s11060-022-04050-3

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Abstract Purpose Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. Methods PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. Results We included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1–5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4–5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6–72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57–100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6–93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3–67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients. Conclusion Initial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.
AbstractList Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. We included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1-5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4-5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6-72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57-100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6-93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3-67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients. Initial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.
PurposeCesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.MethodsPubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.ResultsWe included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1–5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4–5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6–72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57–100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6–93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3–67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients.ConclusionInitial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.
Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.PURPOSECesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.METHODSPubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors.We included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1-5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4-5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6-72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57-100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6-93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3-67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients.RESULTSWe included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1-5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4-5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6-72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57-100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6-93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3-67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients.Initial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.CONCLUSIONInitial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.
Purpose Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and maximizing logistical and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the literature on cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. Methods PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to include published studies and ongoing trials reporting cesium-131 brachytherapy for brain tumors. Results We included 27 published studies comprising 279 patients with 293 lesions, and 3 ongoing trials. Most patients had brain metastases (63.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (23.3%), of WHO Grade III (15.2%) and Grade IV (84.8%), and meningiomas (13.6%), mostly of WHO Grade II (62.8%) and Grade III (27.9%). Most brain metastases were newly diagnosed (72.3%), while most gliomas and meningiomas were recurrent (95.4% and 88.4%). Patients underwent gross-total (91.1%) or subtotal (8.9%) resection, with median postoperative cavity size of 3.5 cm (range 1–5.8 cm). A median of 20, 28, and 16 seeds were implanted in gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases, with median seed activity of 3.8 mCi (range 2.4–5 mCi). Median follow-up was 16.2 months (range 0.6–72 months). 1-year freedom from progression rates were local 94% (range 57–100%), regional 85.1% (range 55.6–93.8%), and distant 53.5% (range 26.3–67.4%). Post-treatment radiation necrosis, seizure, and surgical wound infection occurred in 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.3% patients. Conclusion Initial data suggest that cesium-131 brachytherapy is safe and effective in primary or metastatic malignant brain tumors. Ongoing trials are evaluating long-term locoregional tumor control and future studies should analyze its role in multimodal systemic tumor management.
Author Palmisciano, Paolo
Wernicke, Alla Gabriella
Haider, Ali S.
Balasubramanian, Kishore
D’Amico, Randy S.
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  surname: Haider
  fullname: Haider, Ali S.
  organization: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
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  organization: Texas A&M University College of Medicine
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  givenname: Alla Gabriella
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35696019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11060_023_04352_0
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_29970
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crossref_primary_10_1007_s11060_023_04443_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_inorganics12010029
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2023_104110
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Issue 1
Keywords Cesium-131 brachytherapy
Neuro-oncology
Brain metastases
Glioma
Radiotherapy
Meningioma
Language English
License 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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PublicationTitle Journal of neuro-oncology
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Neurooncol
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Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Purpose Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications...
Cesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications and...
PurposeCesium-131 radioactive isotope has favored the resurgence of intracavitary brachytherapy in neuro-oncology, minimizing radiation-induced complications...
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SubjectTerms Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy - adverse effects
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - pathology
Brain tumors
Cesium
Cesium Radioisotopes
Clinical trials
Glioma
Glioma - radiotherapy
Humans
Literature reviews
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meningeal Neoplasms - surgery
Meningioma - surgery
Metastases
Metastasis
Neurology
Oncology
Patients
Radiation Injuries
Radiation therapy
Review
Seeds
Seizures
Surgical site infections
Treatment Outcome
Tumors
Wound infection
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Title The role of cesium-131 brachytherapy in brain tumors: a scoping review of the literature and ongoing clinical trials
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35696019
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