Review of intelligent energy management techniques for hybrid electric vehicles

• Published in: Journal of energy storage Vol. 92; p. 112132
• Main Authors: Urooj, Ahtisham, Nasir, Ali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2024
• Subjects: Artificial intelligence; Energy management; Hybrid electric vehicles; Hybrid electric vehicles; Energy management; Artificial intelligence
• ISSN: 2352-152X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.112132

This paper presents a comprehensive review of energy management systems for hybrid electric vehicles with a focus on rule-based and reinforcement learning-based techniques. The authors strongly believe that the future of energy management systems involves a combination of both types of techniques discussed in this paper. The paper is complete in its subject as it begins with the basic architectures of hybrid electric vehicles followed by energy storage mechanisms in the hybrid electric vehicles leading into the discussion on energy management. The energy management discussion has been segregated into two types of approaches, i.e., online approaches and offline approaches where the offline approaches mostly lead to rule-based energy management policy whereas the focus of the online approaches discussed in the paper is on reinforcement learning-based methods. Our study has revealed some important research gaps in the existing energy management strategies. Specifically, there is a substantial lack of formal modeling regarding the uncertainty involved in the problem. Also, there is a lack of literature focusing on the utilization of multi-layer control approaches. We have pointed out modular and hierarchical control approaches for future energy management systems. Finally, the implementation issues for the energy management systems have been highlighted which include the instrumentation-related problems and consideration of user behavior as well as weather conditions. •Analysis and description of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architectures and associated research•Analysis and description and existing Models of Energy Storage mechanisms in Hybrid Electric Vehicles•Analysis of the energy management research on Hybrid Electric Vehicles•Futuristic views and discussion on the evolution of energy management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles