A Partial-Givens-Rotation-Based Symbol Detector for GSM MIMO Systems: Algorithm and VLSI Implementation

• Published in: IEEE systems journal Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Yen, Mao-Hsu, Lu, Hoang-Yang, Lin, Shao-Yueh, Lu, Ken-Hua, Chan, Chia-Chen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.12.2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Antennas; Complexity; Coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC); Detectors; generalized spatial modulation (GSM); givens rotation (GR); GSM; Hardware; Large scale integration; Matrix decomposition; MIMO communication; multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO); Numerical stability; Optimization; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Rotation; Sensors; Symbols; Transmitting antennas; Very large scale integration
• ISSN: 1932-8184; 1937-9234
• DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2023.3293717

Recently, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted intensive research interest due to their advantages in balancing spectral efficiency and interchannel interference. Aiming at satisfactory detection performance based on a feasible hardware architecture, in this paper, a partial Givens rotation (PGR)-based symbol detector with a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) hardware architecture is proposed for GSM MIMO systems. The proposed detector contains three main types of modules: PGR blocks, symbol estimation (SE), and minimization. In particular, compared to conventional Givens rotations (GRs), the proposed PGR mechanism can further reduce computational complexity by at least 36<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">%</tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, to ensure numerical stability, only adders, shifters, and comparators are used to implement the SE architecture, avoiding the use of dividers. Furthermore, instead of the 2-norm distance measure, the 1-norm distance measure is used in the proposed detector to reduce the number of multipliers, thereby accelerating the detection speed. Finally, computer simulations showthat the proposed algorithm performs achieves near-optimal performance while incurring a lower computational complexity. Additionally, hardware implementation results achieved in TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology at an operating frequency of 704.2 MHz, with a configuration of four transmit antennas, two active transmit antennas, four receive antennas, and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), show that the proposed hardware architecture needs 395.2 k gates and provides a detection throughput of 2347 Mbps and a hardware efficiency of 5.94 Mbps/kGEs for fast fading channels. In comparison to existing works, the proposed detector provides attractive detection performance as well as a feasible hardware architecture.