Near-Field Wideband Extremely Large-Scale MIMO Transmissions With Holographic Metasurface-Based Antenna Arrays

• Published in: IEEE transactions on wireless communications Vol. 23; no. 9; pp. 12054 - 12067
• Main Authors: Xu, Jie, You, Li, Alexandropoulos, George C., Yi, Xinping, Wang, Wenjin, Gao, Xiqi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.09.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antenna arrays; Array signal processing; Beamforming; beamforming optimization; Broadband; Error analysis; frequency selectivity; Holographic metasurface antennas; Holography; Metamaterials; Metasurfaces; MIMO communication; multi-user communications; Near fields; near-field; Optimization; Performance degradation; Phase shifters; Radio frequency; spatial-wideband effect; Spherical antennas; Spherical waves; Uplink; Wave propagation; Wideband; Wireless communication; Wireless communication systems; XL-MIMO
• ISSN: 1536-1276; 1558-2248
• DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2024.3387709

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) constitutes the design trend for base stations of future wireless communication systems, being capable of offering pencil-like beamforming that confronts path loss in an energy-efficient manner. However, wideband wireless applications with XL-MIMO antenna arrays are usually subject to near-field signal propagation conditions, frequency selectivity, and the spatial-wideband effect, whose ignorance in the beamforming optimization process will severely degrade the achievable performance. In this paper, we present an algorithmic framework for designing near-field reception beamforming of wideband multi-user XL-MIMO systems realized with holographic metasurface-based antenna arrays (HMAs). We first present a spherical-wave-propagation channel model, including the near-field effect, frequency selectivity, as well as the spatial-wideband effect. Based on this model, we formulate an HMA-based reception beamforming optimization problem for the uplink of multi-user XL-MIMO communications, whose optimal solution is challenging to obtain due to the nonlinear coupling between the high-dimensional analog combining weights and the digital combiner. To efficiently address the proposed framework via a convergent iterative approach, the considered sum-rate design objective is transformed into a sum-mean-square-error-minimization one. Our extensive numerical investigations showcase that the proposed HMA-based combining scheme can effectively deal with the practical effects under investigation, achieving a higher sum rate than conventional phase-shifter-based hybrid analog and digital combiners having the same antenna aperture.