Detection of cancer cells with selective photonic crystal fiber based on fuzzy logic

• Published in: Optical and quantum electronics Vol. 55; no. 5
• Main Authors: Mousavi Monazah, Seyede Mahboobeh, Emami, Farzin, Salehi, Mohammad Reza, Hajilari, Atekeh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Computer Communication Networks; Electrical Engineering; Lasers; Optical Devices; Optics; Photonics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Fuzzy logic; Cancer cell; Photonic crystal fiber; Optical sensor; Surface plasmon resonance; Wavelength interrogation method
• ISSN: 0306-8919; 1572-817X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11082-023-04667-2

In this paper, a photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) is proposed for diagnosis of cancer cells. Cells refractive index (RI) detection is in the visible to near infrared region. The normal cell RI range is from 1.35 to 1.37, and the cancerous cell RI ranges is from 1.39 to 1.40. Noble plasmonic material gold (Au) is used to excite the surface plasmons and expand the operating wavelength range. The sensor response is investigated using the mode solver based finite element method (FEM) and then a diagnostic algorithm for cancer cells based on fuzzy logic is proposed. In cancer cell diagnosis based on fuzzy logic, three inputs, RI, wavelength and confinement losses (CL), are considered for better sensor selectivity in cell exposure. The output of the fuzzy system is also classified based on three responses, normal cell, cell with medium cancer risk and cell with high risk of cancer, which has a very good performance due to the adaptation of fuzzy rules to the operation of the proposed photonic crystal fiber sensor. Using the amplitude and wavelength interrogation methods, numerical results indicate that the proposed sensor has a maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 448.4 RIU − 1 , amplitude resolution (AR) of 2.23 × 10 − 5 RIU, maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 20,000 nm/RIU, and wavelength resolution (WR) of 5 × 10 − 6 RIU, respectively. This sensor due to its high sensitivity, easy detection, high selectivity against the cell and easy construction, can be used as a useful and cost-effective screening sensor to detect cancer cells.