Multi-objective pied kingfisher optimizer for optimal PV array reconfiguration under partial shading conditions

• Published in: Optics and laser technology Vol. 186; p. 112755
• Main Authors: Yi, Lingzhi, Tan, Jingxuan, Wang, Yahui, Cheng, Siyue, Luo, Bote, Fan, Lü
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2025
• Subjects: Multi-objective pied kingfisher optimizer; Partial shading; Photovoltaic reconfiguration; Power enhancement; Total cross tied; Photovoltaic reconfiguration; Power enhancement; Partial shading; Total cross tied; Multi-objective pied kingfisher optimizer
• ISSN: 0030-3992
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112755

•The MOPKO algorithm is proposed for the first time as an innovative approach for PV array reconfiguration, effectively addressing the issue of partial shading.•A multi-objective optimization function is used to achieve optimal array configuration by minimizing row current and optimizing column exchange.•To maintain responsiveness, the MOPKO algorithm is restarted every fifty iterations to adapt and avoid local optima. Operating under shading conditions is one of the most significant negative phenomena that photovoltaic (PV) arrays face, severely affecting power generation. Shading arrays can produce multiple local maximum power points (LMPP) and a single global maximum power point (GMPP). Therefore, it is crucial to reconfigure the shading modules within the array to extract the GMPP. This highlights the importance of studying the uniform dispersion of shading across the PV array surface. This paper proposes an optimized configuration method for shading PV arrays based on the multi-objective pied kingfisher optimizer (MOPKO). The primary objective of the proposed MOPKO is to provide the optimal structure of the switching matrix to minimize the row current difference and column swapping within the PV array. The advantage of this strategy lies in its ability to perform a more realistic dynamic reconfiguration process. The method is validated on a 9 × 9 PV array with ten shading cases. Additionally, the results of the MOPKO scheme are compared with TCT, INGO, and Triple X Sudoku based on evaluation metrics such as fill factor (FF), mismatch loss (ML), and performance ratio (PR). Results show that reconfiguration of PV arrays with MOPKO always obtains the highest PR under ten different shading conditions. PR has considerably raised with 13.4 %, 3.5 %, 20.7 %, 15.1 %, 12.2 %, 10.2 %, 13.5 %, 6.5 %, 3.2 %, and 2.2 % compared to TCT. The results of the analysis verify the advantages of the proposed MOPKO in solving the problem of multiple peaks in the P-V characteristic curve and in achieving high power levels.