85°E Ridge, India — constraints on its development and architecture

• Published in: Journal of the Geological Society of India Vol. 84; no. 5; pp. 513 - 530
• Main Authors: Choudhuri, Mainak, Nemèok, Michal, Stuart, Charlie, Welker, Chelsea, Sinha, Sudipta Tapan, Bird, Dale
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Springer India 01.11.2014; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Continental dynamics; Cretaceous; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Geology; Hydrogeology; Magma; Sediments; GXT; 85°E Ridge; Bay of Bengal; Gravity inversion; Hotspot; Crustal architecture; India
• ISSN: 0016-7622; 0974-6889
• DOI: 10.1007/s12594-014-0160-9

The 85°E Ridge is a buried aseismic ridge running parallel to the 85°E meridian in the Bay of Bengal, India. Its origin has been a subject of debate, with opinions ranging from an abandoned spreading centre to a hotspot track. The present study follows the hotspot hypothesis and incorporates gravity, magnetic and seismic data to identify the nature and interpret the origin of the 85°E Ridge. It differs from earlier studies in the integration of deep seismic lines and gravity inversion to identify crustal architecture below the 85°E Ridge. Seismic interpretation along with gravity inversion has been used to determine the crustal structure below the ridge, while sediment thickness maps have been used to infer the uplift during the ridge emplacement. Seismic interpretations together with isostatic residual gravity anomaly map have been used to associate large negative anomalies with hotspot related magmatism. The negative anomaly increases with increasing volcanic load, indicating the presence of a crustal root and magmatic underplating. Typical flexural moat and arch, indicative of hotspot volcanism, is also observed in the seismic profiles. Gravity inversion modeling indicates an “onion-shell” like structure within the volcanic load, inferring the presence of less dense outer layers with a heavier core within the complex. Sediment thickness maps show the presence of dynamic uplift of more than 2000 milliseconds from early Cretaceous onwards. The study concludes that the 85°E Ridge is a result of hotspot volcanism, and proposes a plausible model for the origin of the structure.