Trident: Interference Avoidance in Multi-Reader Backscatter Network via Frequency-Space Division

• Published in: IEEE Transactions on Networking Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 541 - 553
• Main Authors: Zou, Yang, Na, Xin, Sun, Yimiao, He, Yuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.04.2025
• Subjects: Backscatter; Backscatter network; Band-pass filters; Capacitance; Frequency conversion; Interference; interference avoidance; low-power hardware design; multi-reader backscatter; Resonant frequency; Resonator filters; Throughput; Varactors; Voltage
• ISSN: 2998-4157; 2998-4157
• DOI: 10.1109/TNET.2024.3495660

Backscatter is a key technology for battery-free sensing in industrial IoT applications. To fully cover numerous tags in the deployment area, one often needs to deploy multiple readers, each of which communicates with tags within its communication range. However, the actual backscattered signals from a tag are likely to reach a reader outside its communication range and cause interference. Conventional TDMA or CSMA based approaches for interference avoidance separate readers' media access in time, leading to limited network throughput. In this paper, we propose Trident, a novel backscatter design that enables interference avoidance via frequency-space division. By incorporating a tunable bandpass filter and multiple terminal loads, a Trident tag can detect its channel condition and adaptively adjust the frequency and the power of its backscattered signals. We further propose a frequency assignment algorithm for the readers. With these designs, all the readers in the network can operate concurrently without being interfered. We implement Trident and evaluate its performance under various settings. The results demonstrate that Trident enhances the network throughput by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.18\times </tex-math></inline-formula>, compared to the TDMA-based scheme.