E-learning, M-learning and D-learning: Conceptual definition and comparative analysis

• Published in: E-learning and digital media Vol. 15; no. 4; pp. 191 - 216
• Main Authors: Kumar Basak, Sujit, Wotto, Marguerite, Bélanger, Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.07.2018
• Subjects: Blended Learning; Comparative Analysis; Definitions; Distance Education; Educational Benefits; Educational Technology; Electronic Learning; Handheld Devices; Information Technology; Internet; Literature Reviews; M-learning; E-learning; D-learning
• ISSN: 2042-7530; 2042-7530
• DOI: 10.1177/2042753018785180

In the 21st century, the information and communication technology explosion increases the uses of digital devices for many purposes in the world of work and in formal and non-formal education. This study analyzes existing literature on the basis of the definition of the concepts, terminology used, differences, fundamental perspectives, benefits, disadvantages, and finally the similarities and differences of the e-learning (electronic learning), m-learning (mobile learning), and d-learning (digital learning). It reveals that e-learning and m-learning are subsets of d-learning. On the other hand, some learning tools could be considered as m-learning as well as e-learning.