An extension to the analytical method clustering algorithm for BMTL1 benefitting from CMS RPC timing

• Published in: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment Vol. 1079; p. 170592
• Main Authors: De Souza, R. Gomes, Asilar, E., Menendez, J. Fernandez, Tytgat, M., Amarilo, K. Mota, Samalan, A., Skovpen, K., Alves, G.A., Coelho, E. Alves, da Silva, F. Marujo, Filho, M. Barroso Ferreira, Da Costa, E.M., De Jesus Damiao, D., Ferreira, B.C., De Souza, S. Fonseca, Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Pinheiro, J.P., Santoro, A., Thiel, M., Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Sultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Shumka, E., Cao, P., Diao, W., Hou, Q., Song, J., Wang, N., Zhao, J., Qian, S.J., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Florez, C.A., Vega, J.A. Reyes, Radi, A., Assran, Y., Crotty, I., Mahmoud, M.A., Balleyguier, L., Chen, X., Combaret, C., Galbit, G., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I.B., Luciol, A., Mirabito, L., Tromeur, W., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, I., Tsamalaidze, Z., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Esfandi, F., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Abbrescia, M., De Filippis, N., Iaselli, G., Loddo, F., Pugliese, G., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Meola, S., Piccolo, D., Fienga, F., Buontempo, S., Carnevali, F., Lista, L., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Kim, T.J., Ryou, Y., Choi, S., Hong, B., Lee, K.S., Goh, J., Shin, J., Pedraza, I., Estrada, C. Uribe, Castilla-Valdez, H., Lopez-Fernandez, R., Hernández, A. Sánchez, García, M. Ramírez, Guadarrama, D.L. Ramirez, Shah, M.A., Vazquez, E., Zaganidis, N., Ahmad, A., Asghar, M.I., Hoorani, H.R., Muhammad, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2025
• Subjects: CMS experiment; Gaseous detectors; Resistive Plate Chambers; Resistive Plate Chambers; CMS experiment; Gaseous detectors
• ISSN: 0168-9002
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170592

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment faces challenging operational conditions due to the increasing instantaneous luminosity of the LHC, i.e HL-LHC, which reaches up to 2×1034cm−2s−1. To efficiently select events containing interesting physics signatures, the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger system rapidly processes trigger primitives (TPs), which summarize raw detector hits into preliminary muon candidates. The Drift Tube (DT) chambers play a crucial role in providing spatial and temporal measurements for muon detection in the barrel region (|η|<1.2). The Analytical Method (AM) algorithm reconstructs these DT trigger primitives through distinct steps of grouping, fitting, correlation, and confirmation. In this study, we propose an extension to this method by incorporating precise timing information from Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), forming so-called DT+RPC super-primitives. RPCs deliver superior timing resolution (∼2ns), significantly enhancing the accuracy of muon candidate timing reconstruction. Using simulated collision data with high pile-up conditions (average of 200 interactions per event), we demonstrate that the integration of RPC timing improves the time resolution of the trigger primitives by approximately 10%–15%. Specifically, the resolution improves from 2.52±0.03ns to 2.31±0.03ns in the MB1 W+1 region, and from 2.63±0.08ns to 2.20±0.07ns in the MB3 W-2 region. These improvements offer robust performance enhancements for the CMS trigger system, ensuring more reliable identification and reconstruction of muon events in high-luminosity environments.