Effects of Inferred Gender on Patterns of Co-Authorship in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Publications

• Published in: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America Vol. 101; no. 3; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Frances, Dachin N., Fitzpatrick, Connor R., Koprivnikar, Janet, McCauley, Shannon J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington John Wiley and Sons, Inc 01.07.2020; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Authoring; Authorship; Biology; Careers; Collaboration; Contributions; co‐authorship; Documents; Ecological effects; Ecology; ecology and evolutionary biology; Evolution; Evolutionary biology; Gender; Gender differences; gender homophily; Gender identity; gender imbalance; Generalized linear models; Publishing; Researchers; Scientific papers; Society; STEM; STEM education; Tenure; Women; United States > US
• ISSN: 0012-9623; 2327-6096
• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1705

Senior positions in academia such as tenured faculty and editorial positions often exhibit large gender imbalances across a broad range of research disciplines. The forces driving these imbalances have been the subject of extensive speculation and a more modest body of research. Given the central role publications play in determining individual outcomes and progress in academic settings, unequal patterns of authorship across gender could be a potent driver of observed gender imbalance in academia. Here, we investigate patterns of co-authorship across four journals in ecology and evolutionary biology at four time-points spanning four decades. Co-authorship patterns are of interest because collaborations are important in scientific research, affecting individual researcher productivity, and increasingly, funding opportunities. Based on inferred gender from set criteria, we found significant differences between male and female researchers in their tendency to publish with female co-authors. Specifically, compared to women, male researchers in the last author position were more likely to co-author papers with other males. While we did find that the proportion of female co-authors has increased modestly over the last thirty years, this is strongly correlated with an increase in the average number of authors per paper over time. Additionally, the proportion of female co-authors on papers remains well below the proportion of PhDs awarded to females in biology.