Deaths from violence in North Carolina, 2004: how deaths differ in females and males

• Published in: Injury prevention Vol. 12; no. suppl 2; pp. ii10 - ii16
• Main Authors: Sanford, C, Marshall, S W, Martin, S L, Coyne-Beasley, T, Waller, A E, Cook, P J, Norwood, T, Demissie, Z
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.12.2006; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Group
• Subjects: 10th revision; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Child; Emergency medical care; Female; Females; Firearms; General Violence; Homicide; Homicide - statistics & numerical data; Humans; ICD-10; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Mortality; National Violent Death Reporting System; NC-VDRS; North Carolina - epidemiology; North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System; NVDRS; OCME; Office of the Chief Medical Examiner; Population Surveillance; Sex Factors; Spouse Abuse - mortality; Suicide; Suicide - statistics & numerical data; Suicides & suicide attempts; Violence; Violence - statistics & numerical data; Wounds, Gunshot - mortality; North Carolina; United States > US
• ISSN: 1353-8047; 1475-5785
• DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.012617

Objective: To identify gender differences in violent deaths in terms of incidence, circumstances, and methods of death. Design: Analysis of surveillance data. Setting: North Carolina, a state of 8.6 million residents on the eastern seaboard of the US. Subjects: 1674 North Carolina residents who died from violence in the state during 2004. Methods: Information on violent deaths was collected by the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System using data from death certificates, medical examiner reports, and law enforcement agency incidence reports. Results: Suicide and homicide rates were lower for females than males. For suicides, females were more likely than males to have a diagnosis of depression (55% v 36%), a current mental health problem (66% v 42%), or a history of suicide attempts (25% v 13%). Firearms were the sole method of suicide in 65% of males and 42% of females. Poisonings were more common in female than male suicides (37% v 12%). Male and female homicide victims were most likely to die from a handgun or a sharp instrument. Fifty seven percent of female homicides involved intimate partner violence, compared with 13% of male homicides. Among female homicides involving intimate partner violence, 78% occurred in the woman’s home. White females had a higher rate of suicide than African-American females, but African-American females had a higher rate of homicide than white females. Conclusions: The incidence, circumstances, and methods of fatal violence differ greatly between females and males. These differences should be taken into account in the development of violence prevention efforts.