Transfer of a healthy microbiota reduces amyloid and tau pathology in an Alzheimer’s disease animal model

• Published in: Gut Vol. 69; no. 2; pp. 283 - 294
• Main Authors: Kim, Min-Soo, Kim, Yoonhee, Choi, Hyunjung, Kim, Woojin, Park, Sumyung, Lee, Dongjoon, Kim, Dong Kyu, Kim, Haeng Jun, Choi, Hayoung, Hyun, Dong-Wook, Lee, June-Young, Choi, Eun Young, Lee, Dong-Sup, Bae, Jin-Woo, Mook-Jung, Inhee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01.02.2020; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Age; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - microbiology; Alzheimer Disease - therapy; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Animal cognition; Animal models; Animals; Behavior, Animal; beta-amyloid; Blood; Chronic Disease; Cognitive ability; Digestive system; Discriminant analysis; Disease Models, Animal; fecal microbiota transfer; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gastrointestinal tract; Gene expression; Gliosis; Gut microbiota; Homeostasis; Humans; hyperphosphorylated tau; Immunological memory; Inflammation; Inflammation - microbiology; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Intestines - microbiology; Macrophages; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Mice, Transgenic; Microbiota; Monocytes; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurofibrillary tangles; Neuronal-glial interactions; Neuropathology; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Permeability; Plaque, Amyloid - microbiology; Plaque, Amyloid - pathology; Population; Quorum sensing; Rodents; Senile plaques; Spatial Learning; tau Proteins - analysis; Transgenic mice; Transplantation; Transplants & implants; beta-amyloid; fecal microbiota transfer; hyperphosphorylated tau; Alzheimer’s disease; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 0017-5749; 1468-3288; 1468-3288
• DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317431

ObjectiveCerebral amyloidosis and severe tauopathy in the brain are key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite a strong influence of the intestinal microbiota on AD, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and AD pathophysiology is still elusive.DesignUsing a recently developed AD-like pathology with amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (ADLPAPT) transgenic mouse model of AD, which shows amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and reactive gliosis in their brains along with memory deficits, we examined the impact of the gut microbiota on AD pathogenesis.ResultsComposition of the gut microbiota in ADLPAPT mice differed from that of healthy wild-type (WT) mice. Besides, ADLPAPT mice showed a loss of epithelial barrier integrity and chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation. Both frequent transfer and transplantation of the faecal microbiota from WT mice into ADLPAPT mice ameliorated the formation of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, glial reactivity and cognitive impairment. Additionally, the faecal microbiota transfer reversed abnormalities in the colonic expression of genes related to intestinal macrophage activity and the circulating blood inflammatory monocytes in the ADLPAPT recipient mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that microbiota-mediated intestinal and systemic immune aberrations contribute to the pathogenesis of AD in ADLPAPT mice, providing new insights into the relationship between the gut (colonic gene expression, gut permeability), blood (blood immune cell population) and brain (pathology) axis and AD (memory deficits). Thus, restoring gut microbial homeostasis may have beneficial effects on AD treatment.