Protamine Nanocapsules for the Development of Thermostable Adjuvanted Nanovaccines

• Published in: Molecular pharmaceutics Vol. 15; no. 12; pp. 5653 - 5664
• Main Authors: González-Aramundiz, José Vicente, Peleteiro, Mercedes, González-Fernández, África, Alonso, María José, Csaba, Noemi Stefánia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 03.12.2018
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage; Animals; Drug Liberation; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Female; Freeze Drying; Healthy Volunteers; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - administration & dosage; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology; Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage; Hepatitis B Vaccines - immunology; Humans; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanocapsules - chemistry; Protamines - chemistry; RAW 264.7 Cells; Recombinant Proteins - administration & dosage; Recombinant Proteins - immunology; Temperature; Vaccines, Synthetic - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology; nanocapsules; nanovaccine; antigen delivery; protamine; thermostable; Hepatitis B
• ISSN: 1543-8384; 1543-8392; 1543-8392
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00852

One of the main challenges in the development of vaccine has been to improve their stability at room temperature and eliminate the limitations associated with the cold chain storage. In this paper, we describe the development and optimization of thermostable nanocarriers consisting of an oily core with immunostimulating activity, containing squalene or α tocopherol surrounded by a protamine shell. The results showed that these nanocapsules can efficiently associate the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) without compromising its antigenicity. Furthermore, the freeze-dried protamine nanocapsules were able to preserve the integrity and bioactivity of the associated antigen upon storage for at least 12 months at room temperature. In vitro studies evidenced the high internalization of the nanocapsules by immunocompetent cells, followed by cytokine secretion and complement activation. In vivo studies showed the capacity of rHBsAg-loaded nanocapsules to elicit protective levels upon intramuscular or intranasal administration to mice. Overall, our data indicate that protamine nanocapsules are an innovative thermostable nanovaccine platform for improved antigen delivery.