DNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY: Devices, Systems, and Applications

• Published in: Annual review of biomedical engineering Vol. 4; no. 1; pp. 129 - 153
• Main Author: Heller, Michael J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139 Annual Reviews 01.01.2002; 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139; USA
• Subjects: DNA arrays; DNA chips; DNA devices; DNA hybridization; DNA microchips; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling - instrumentation; Gene Expression Profiling - methods; Gene Expression Profiling - trends; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis - instrumentation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis - methods; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis - trends; Point Mutation - genetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics; Tandem Repeat Sequences - genetics
• ISSN: 1523-9829; 1545-4274
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.4.020702.153438

In this review, recent advances in DNA microarray technology and their applications are examined. The many varieties of DNA microarray or DNA chip devices and systems are described along with their methods for fabrication and their use. This includes both high-density microarrays for high-throughput screening applications and lower-density microarrays for various diagnostic applications. The methods for microarray fabrication that are reviewed include various inkjet and microjet deposition or spotting technologies and processes, in situ or on-chip photolithographic oligonucleotide synthesis processes, and electronic DNA probe addressing processes. The DNA microarray hybridization applications reviewed include the important areas of gene expression analysis and genotyping for point mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). In addition to the many molecular biological and genomic research uses, this review covers applications of microarray devices and systems for pharmacogenomic research and drug discovery, infectious and genetic disease and cancer diagnostics, and forensic and genetic identification purposes. Additionally, microarray technology being developed and applied to new areas of proteomic and cellular analysis are reviewed.