Medical image analysis using deep learning algorithms (DLA)

• Published in: AIMS biophysics Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 121 - 143
• Main Authors: Xhako, Dafina, Hyka, Niko, Spahiu, Elda, Hoxhaj, Suela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: AIMS Press 01.03.2025
• Subjects: ai in healthcare; convolutional neural mamba; deep learning algorithms; diagnostic accuracy; medical imaging; networks; u-net; vision transformers; workflow automation
• ISSN: 2377-9098; 2377-9098
• DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2025008

Deep Learning Algorithms (DLAs) have emerged as transformative tools in medical image analysis, offering unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in diagnostic tasks. We explored the state-of-the-art applications of DLAs in medical imaging, focusing on their role in disease detection, segmentation, workflow automation, and multi-modality data integration. Key architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), U-Net, and Vision Transformers are highlighted, alongside their tailored applications in healthcare. Additionally, Mamba networks have shown significant promise in medical imaging by leveraging their advanced memory-efficient architecture for high-dimensional data processing. These networks excel in real-time analysis, improving the speed and accuracy of complex imaging tasks such as tumor detection and organ segmentation. The adaptability and computational efficiency of Mamba networks position them as a strong alternative to traditional deep learning architectures in the field of medical imaging. DLAs have consistently demonstrated superior performance compared to radiologists in various diagnostic tasks, such as breast cancer detection and brain tumor segmentation, with higher accuracy and efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges such as limited data availability, ethical concerns, interpretability issues, and integration hurdles persist. Addressing these barriers is crucial to unlocking the full potential of DLAs and enabling their seamless integration into clinical workflows, ultimately enhancing patient care and diagnostic precision.