Eco-Friendly Route Planning Algorithms: Taxonomies, Literature Review and Future Directions

• Published in: ACM computing surveys Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 1 - 42
• Main Authors: Fahmin, Ahmed, Cheema, Muhammad Aamir, Eunus Ali, Mohammed, Nadjaran Toosi, Adel, Lu, Hua, Li, Huan, Taniar, David, A. Rakha, Hesham, Shen, Bojie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY ACM 01.01.2025; Association for Computing Machinery
• Subjects: Algorithms; Energy consumption; Fuel consumption; General and reference; Greenhouse gases; Literature reviews; Road transportation; Route planning; Surveys and overviews; Taxonomy; Transportation networks; Vehicle emissions; Eco-routing; intelligent transportation systems; taxonomy; navigation systems; systematic literature review
• ISSN: 0360-0300; 1557-7341
• DOI: 10.1145/3691624

Eco-friendly navigation (a.k.a. eco-routing) finds a route from A to B in a road network that minimizes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission or fuel/energy consumption of the traveling vehicle. As road transport is a major contributor to GHG emissions, eco-routing has received considerable research attention in the past decade, mainly on two research themes: (1) developing models to estimate emissions or fuel/energy consumption of vehicles; and (2) developing algorithms to find eco-friendly routes for a vehicle. There are some excellent literature reviews that cover the existing estimation models. However, there is no literature review on eco-friendly route-planning algorithms. This article fills this gap and provides a systematic literature review in this area. From mainstream online databases, we obtained 2,494 articles and shortlisted 76 articles using our exclusion criteria. Accordingly, we establish a holistic view of eco-routing systems and define five taxonomies of estimation models, eco-routing problems and algorithms, vehicle types, traffic, and road network characteristics. Concerning the taxonomies, we categorize and review the shortlisted articles. Finally, we highlight research challenges and outline future directions in this important area.