総合地球環境学研究所の琵琶湖‐淀川水系への取り組み:農業濁水問題を事例として

Generally, a watershed has a "nested" structure that encompasses the human activities that develop within it. We focused particularly on ways of viewing the problems occurring in the watershed at each level, because differing views can cause conflicts of interest between levels and thus ob...

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Published in環境科学会誌 Vol. 20; no. 3; pp. 207 - 214
Main Authors YACHI Shigeo, TANAKA Takuya, NAKANO Takanori, TAYASU Ichiro, WAKITA Ken-lchl, HARA Yulchl, WADA Eltaro
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 社団法人 環境科学会 2007
SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN
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ISSN0915-0048
1884-5029
DOI10.11353/sesj1988.20.207

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Summary:Generally, a watershed has a "nested" structure that encompasses the human activities that develop within it. We focused particularly on ways of viewing the problems occurring in the watershed at each level, because differing views can cause conflicts of interest between levels and thus obstruct watershed management. In other words, the reason why watershed management is not working well is that active communication aimed at balancing competing interests is blocked, leaving a variety of stakeholders dispersed over the different levels. We proposed a hierarchical watershed management system incorporating adaptive management, because we believe that governance by a variety of stakeholders on the basis of adaptive management at each spatial level is needed to achieve effective management of the watershed as a commons. 1) We test the possibility of adaptive management by stakeholders with our aid of monitoring and developing diagnosis indicators at each scale, and 2) develop a methodology for sharing what the main subject is on watershed management between scales. In light of this background, we show the outline of our watershed management project at RIHN which focuses on the turbid water problem discharged from rice paddy fields flowing into Lake Biwa in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River watershed. 本稿では,琵琶湖一淀川水系において,面源負荷のひとつである農業濁水問題を事例としておこなった,総合地球環境学研究所の階層性に着目した流域管理プロジェクトの概要を紹介する。一般に,流域は入れ子状の構造(階層性)をもっており,そのような入れ子状の構造と重なりあいながら人間の諸活動もおこなわれてきた。流域管理に関わる多様なステークホルダーは,異なる階層に分散している。階層ごとに流域の問題の捉え方に差異が生まれ,階層性によって,利害調整を含めた多様なコミュニケーションが阻害されているために,結果として流域管理がうまく進まないのである。このような認識にたって,私たちは,流域の持つ階層性に由来するコミュニケーションの阻害を,流域管理の上での主要課題と捉え,順応的管理を取り込んだ「階層化された流域管理システム」を提案し,1)各階層に応じた環境診断によって順応的管理を支援する方法と,2)階層間のコミュニケーション促進の方法論の構築をめざしてきた。
ISSN:0915-0048
1884-5029
DOI:10.11353/sesj1988.20.207