Overview of naturally occurring radioactive material/technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material from the contemporary oil and gas industry

• Corporate Author: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific Committee 5-2, (Author)
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, Maryland : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, [2020]
• Series: NCRP commentary ; 29
• Subjects: Radioactive waste disposal > Government policy > United States.; Radioactive pollution > United States.; Radioactive substances > Safety regulations > United States.; Radiation > Safety measures.; Radiation > Measurement.; Petroleum industry and trade > Safety regulations > United States.; Petroleum industry and trade > Safety measures.; Petroleum industry and trade > Environmental aspects > United States.; elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9781944888213; 1944888217; 9781944888206
• Physical Description: 1 online resource.
• Item Description: "March 30, 2020."
• Access: Plný text je dostupný pouze z IP adres počítačů Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně nebo vzdáleným přístupem pro zaměstnance a studenty

"Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) contain primordial radionuclides, that is, radionuclides found on the Earth that have existed since before our solar system was formed. Primordial radionuclides are typically decay products of uranium and thorium. For purposes of this Commentary, technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) generally results from the concentration or alteration of NORM radionuclides by humans and technology. Both NORM and TENORM can be associated with a wide variety of industries including mineral extraction, other forms of mining, phosphate fertilizer and elemental phosphorous production, and water treatment. Newer technologies associated with hydraulic fracturing, coupled with horizontal drilling, are termed 'unconventional oil and gas exploration and production,' and are now common across numerous states that are underlain with oil-and-gas-containing shale deposits. Because of the lack of national recommendations and regulations, the regulation of NORM/TENORM falls to the states and has resulted in inconsistencies across state regulations. The purpose of this Commentary is to review practices associated with contemporary methods of oil and gas exploration and production that have potential radiological concerns; evaluate the historical and current status of regulations pertinent to management of NORM/TENORM in the oil and gas industry; and recommend the topic areas for development in a comprehensive future report"--