Pedestrian fall safety assessments : improved understanding on slip resistance measurements and investigations

This book examines pedestrian shoe-floor slip resistance from an engineering standpoint in order to better understand friction and wear behavior. This analysis includes an extensive investigation into the surface properties of shoes and flow, and the measurement of dynamic friction and other mechani...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kim, In-Ju (Writer on falls (Accidents)), (Author)
Format: eBook
Language: English
Published: Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2017.
Subjects:
Falls (Accidents) > Prevention.
Pedestrians.
elektronické knihy
electronic books
ISBN: 9783319562421
9783319562414
Physical Description: 1 online resource (xxxvi, 249 pages) : illustrations (some color)

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Table of contents

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100 1 |a Kim, In-Ju  |c (Writer on falls (Accidents)),  |e author. 
245 1 0 |a Pedestrian fall safety assessments :  |b improved understanding on slip resistance measurements and investigations /  |c In-Ju Kim. 
264 1 |a Cham, Switzerland :  |b Springer,  |c 2017. 
300 |a 1 online resource (xxxvi, 249 pages) :  |b illustrations (some color) 
336 |a text  |b txt  |2 rdacontent 
337 |a počítač  |b c  |2 rdamedia 
338 |a online zdroj  |b cr  |2 rdacarrier 
505 0 |a Foreword I; Foreword II; Preface; Background and motivation; Main aims of this book; Construction of this book; Final remarks; Contents; Glossary terms, abbreviations and acronyms; List of figures; List of tables; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Backgrounds; 1.2 Major issues on slip resistance measurements; 1.3 Surface finishes versus slip resistance performance; 1.4 Wear development versus slip resistance performance; 1.5 Optimal floor surface finishes; 1.6 Major significances and contributions; 1.7 Specific aims; 1.8 Limitations; 1.9 Summary; References 
505 8 |a 2 Pedestrian fall incidence and slip resistance measurements; 2.1 Brief overview of slip and fall incidences; 2.2 Injuries owing to slips and falls; 2.3 Improvements of fall prevention; 2.4 Factors influencing pedestrian fall incidence; 2.4.1 Intrinsic fall risk factors; 2.4.2 Extrinsic fall risk factors; 2.4.3 Mechanics of human walking; 2.5 Human gait and its impacts on fall incidents; 2.6 Observation of human gait ; 2.7 Gait analysis and fall risk prediction; 2.8 Measuring devices for slip resistance properties; 2.8.1 Articulated strut devices; 2.8.2 Drag and towed-sled devices 
505 8 |a 2.8.3 Pendulum type devices; 2.8.4 Other type devices; 2.8.5 Slip measuring testers used in this book; 2.8.6 Comparisons of slip measuring devices; 2.9 Testing standards and safety criteria for slip resistance performance; 2.9.1 Slip resistance test methods and safety criteria; 2.9.1.1 The pendulum slip resistance tester; 2.9.1.2 Tortus digital tribometer; 2.9.1.3 BOT 3000 slip tester; 2.9.1.4 Variable angle ramp; 2.9.1.5 SlipAlert slip tester; 2.9.2 Undependable test methods and removed standards; 2.9.2.1 ASTM C1028-07; 2.9.2.2 Brungraber Mark II (PIAST) and English XL (VIT) Tribometers 
505 8 |a 2.9.3 Clean and dry and wet slip resistance measurements; 2.9.3.1 Importance of dry slip resistance measurement; 2.9.3.2 The sine qua non for slip safety assessments; 2.10 Relationships between human gait and slip resistance properties; 2.11 Chapter summary; References; 3 Pedestrian slip resistance measurements: Verities and challenges; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Brief overview; 3.3 Theoretical backgrounds; 3.4 Mislead issues on slip resistance measurements; 3.5 Definition of a COF; 3.6 Friction development between two solid surfaces; 3.7 What does a COF quantity mean?-Misconception and restraint 
505 8 |a 3.8 A concept of average COF-case study no. 1; 3.9 A concept of average COF-case study no. 2; 3.10 Issues of frictional force and heel strike angle; 3.10.1 Frictional force; 3.10.2 Heel strike angle; 3.11 Maintenance issues; 3.12 Conclusions; 3.13 Chapter summary; References; 4 Tribological approaches for the pedestrian safety measurements and assessments; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Tribo-physical approaches; 4.2.1 Overview; 4.2.2 Limitations and issues; 4.2.3 Main problems ; 4.3 Studies on surface roughness measurements; 4.3.1 Background; 4.3.2 Measuring devices for surface roughness 
505 8 |a 4.4 Understanding of the shoe-floor sliding friction interface; 4.4.1 Significance of friction process; 4.4.2 Measuring slipperiness; 4.4.3 Measuring devices for slip resistance; 4.5 Basic tribology for the shoe-floor sliding friction mechanism; 4.5.1 Pedestrian slip resistance requirements; 4.5.2 Shoe-floor friction and COF measurements; 4.5.3 Function of shoes on slip resistance; 4.5.4 Function of floors on slip resistance; 4.5.5 Factors affecting film formations; 4.6 Slip resistance measurement and reaction; 4.7 Conflict over slip resistance, hygiene, and maintenance; 4.8 Chapter summary; References 
505 8 |a 5 Friction and wear mechanisms; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Friction mechanism; 5.2.1 Definition of friction; 5.2.2 The laws of friction; 5.2.3 The origins of friction; 5.3 Friction mechanism at the shoe-floor sliding interface; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Adhesion component; 5.3.3 Deformation component; 5.4 Wear mechanism; 5.4.1 Introduction; 5.4.2 Main considerations; 5.5 Wear model for the shoe-floor sliding friction system; 5.6 Chapter summary; References; 6 Surface measurement and analysis; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Nature of surfaces and their contact mechanism 
505 8 |a 6.2.1 Fundamental concepts; 6.2.2 Contact mechanism between two surfaces; 6.2.3 Simple theory of rough surface contact; 6.2.4 Statistical theories of rough surface contact; 6.3 Some geometrical properties of surface texture; 6.3.1 Introduction; 6.3.2 Surface texture; 6.4 Measurement of surface topography; 6.4.1 Surface texture analysis; 6.4.2 Surface profilometry; 6.4.3 Laser scanning confocal microscope; 6.5 Importance of surface analysis for slip resistance assessment; 6.6 Effects of surface roughness on slip resistance performance; 6.7 Quantifying surface roughness; 6.7.1 Introduction 
505 8 |a 6.7.2 Measuring lengths; 6.7.3 Reference line; 6.7.4 Traditional surface roughness parameters; 6.8 statistical analysis of surface finishes; 6.8.1 Background; 6.8.2 Statistical analysis of surface roughness; 6.8.3 Height distribution of surface texture; 6.8.4 Spatial distribution of surface texture; 6.8.5 Hybrid parameters; 6.9 Relationships amongst surface roughness parameters; 6.10 Surface analysis for the shoe-floor friction system; 6.11 Development of a contact model between shoe and floor surface; 6.11.1 Introduction; 6.11.2 Main hypotheses for contact model development 
505 8 |a 6.11.3 Model development; 6.12 Conclusions; 6.13 Chapter summary; References; 7 A practical design search for optimal floor surface finishes -- a case study; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Theory development; 7.2.1 Main hypothesis; 7.2.2 A floor-surface model for optimal operational levels; 7.3 A case study -- experimental methods and materials; 7.3.1 Dynamic friction tester; 7.3.2 Test system conditions; 7.3.3 Floor and shoe specimens; 7.3.4 Environmental conditions; 7.3.5 Floor surface roughness measurements; 7.3.6 Statistical analysis design; 7.4 Results of the case study 
505 8 |a 7.4.1 Slip resistance performance; 7.4.2 Interactions between floor types and environments; 7.4.3 Interactions between shoe types and environments; 7.4.4 Operational ranges of floor surface roughness; 7.5 Assessments and verifications of findings; 7.5.1 Interactions between floor types and environments; 7.5.2 Interactions between shoe types and environments; 7.5.3 Operational ranges of floor surface roughness; 7.6 Study limitations; 7.7 Conclusions; 7.8 Chapter summary; References; 8 Future works; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Review of overall aims; 8.3 Recommendations for the future studies 
505 8 |a 8.3.1 Necessary advancements in the tribo-physical model; 8.3.2 Long term plan for the tribo-physical model; 8.3.3 Improvements for slip measuring concepts; 8.4 Conclusions; References; Index. 
504 |a Includes bibliographical references and index. 
506 |a Plný text je dostupný pouze z IP adres počítačů Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně nebo vzdáleným přístupem pro zaměstnance a studenty 
520 |a This book examines pedestrian shoe-floor slip resistance from an engineering standpoint in order to better understand friction and wear behavior. This analysis includes an extensive investigation into the surface properties of shoes and flow, and the measurement of dynamic friction and other mechanical and physical aspects of shoe-floor tribology. Lastly, the book proposes a measurement concept for the identification and classification of operational floor surfaces under a range of different conditions. Novel techniques and methods are proposed that can improve the reliability of slip resistance assessments. The current state of knowledge is critically examined and discussed from a tribological perspective, including aspects like friction, wear, lubrication and the mechanical behavior of shoes, floors and their wider environment. Further, the book reports on extensive experimental investigations into the topographical characteristics of shoe and floor surfaces and how they affect slip resistance. Slips resulting in pedestrian falls are a major cause of injuries and deaths for all age groups. This important book provides essential insights for researchers, practicing engineers and public safety officials wishing to learn about how the risk of pedestrian slips can be assessed and understood. 
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650 0 |a Falls (Accidents)  |x Prevention. 
650 0 |a Pedestrians. 
655 7 |a elektronické knihy  |7 fd186907  |2 czenas 
655 9 |a electronic books  |2 eczenas 
776 0 8 |i Print version:  |a Kim, In-Ju (Writer on falls (Accidents)).  |t Pedestrian fall safety assessments.  |d Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2017  |z 9783319562414  |z 331956241X  |w (OCoLC)975368485 
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992 |c NTK-SpringerENG 
999 |c 100048  |d 100048 
993 |x NEPOSILAT  |y EIZ 

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