观测与相对论:光速在爱因斯坦狭义相对论中为什么不变?
O412; 1905年,爱因斯坦依据迈克尔逊-莫雷实验,提出光速不变性( invariance of light speed, ILS)假设,从而在理论上导出洛伦兹变换,建立狭义相对论(special relativity, SR),揭示了时空和物质运动的相对论性. 然而,直到今 天,我们仍然并不确切知道光在爱因斯坦理论中担任什么角色,并不完全理解迈克尔逊-莫雷实验中光速为什么不变;并且,也不真地理解时空和物质运动为什么会呈现相对论性. 基于物理世界的局域性( locality),建立观测局域性原理(principle of observational locality, POL),提出观测极...
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| Published in | 北京工业大学学报 Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 82 - 105 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
北京工业大学信息学部,北京,100124
2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0254-0037 |
| DOI | 10.11936/bjutxb2019080005 |
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| Abstract | O412; 1905年,爱因斯坦依据迈克尔逊-莫雷实验,提出光速不变性( invariance of light speed, ILS)假设,从而在理论上导出洛伦兹变换,建立狭义相对论(special relativity, SR),揭示了时空和物质运动的相对论性. 然而,直到今 天,我们仍然并不确切知道光在爱因斯坦理论中担任什么角色,并不完全理解迈克尔逊-莫雷实验中光速为什么不变;并且,也不真地理解时空和物质运动为什么会呈现相对论性. 基于物理世界的局域性( locality),建立观测局域性原理(principle of observational locality, POL),提出观测极限假设(hypothesis of observational limit,HOL);以其为前提,从逻辑上导出观测媒介速度不变性( invariance of observation medium speeds, IOMS),从理论上阐明,迈克尔逊-莫雷实验并不真地意味着光速不变,而是向我们展示一个极为重要的物理观测现象:观测媒介传递被观测对象之时空信息的速度具有观测上的不变性. 事实上,ILS只是IOMS的一个特例,只在光作为观测媒介时成立;光速并非真地不变或不可超越. 根据IOMS,从逻辑上和理论上导出广义洛伦兹变换(general Lorentz transformation, GLT),概括并统一了伽利略变换和洛伦兹变换,并且,在波尔对应原理下,既与伽利略变换严格对应,又与洛伦兹变换严格对应. 在GLT的基础上,因循爱因斯坦SR逻辑,建立起观测相对论(theory of observational relativity, OR),概括了爱因斯坦SR. OR理论阐明了相对论性的本质和根源:所有相对论性现象都是观测效应,源于观测局域性,而非真实的自然现象或物理现实. 或许,本文的观点和结论能给予我们关于时空和物质运动之相对论性现象以及爱因斯坦相对论新的认识或新的见解. |
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| AbstractList | O412; 1905年,爱因斯坦依据迈克尔逊-莫雷实验,提出光速不变性( invariance of light speed, ILS)假设,从而在理论上导出洛伦兹变换,建立狭义相对论(special relativity, SR),揭示了时空和物质运动的相对论性. 然而,直到今 天,我们仍然并不确切知道光在爱因斯坦理论中担任什么角色,并不完全理解迈克尔逊-莫雷实验中光速为什么不变;并且,也不真地理解时空和物质运动为什么会呈现相对论性. 基于物理世界的局域性( locality),建立观测局域性原理(principle of observational locality, POL),提出观测极限假设(hypothesis of observational limit,HOL);以其为前提,从逻辑上导出观测媒介速度不变性( invariance of observation medium speeds, IOMS),从理论上阐明,迈克尔逊-莫雷实验并不真地意味着光速不变,而是向我们展示一个极为重要的物理观测现象:观测媒介传递被观测对象之时空信息的速度具有观测上的不变性. 事实上,ILS只是IOMS的一个特例,只在光作为观测媒介时成立;光速并非真地不变或不可超越. 根据IOMS,从逻辑上和理论上导出广义洛伦兹变换(general Lorentz transformation, GLT),概括并统一了伽利略变换和洛伦兹变换,并且,在波尔对应原理下,既与伽利略变换严格对应,又与洛伦兹变换严格对应. 在GLT的基础上,因循爱因斯坦SR逻辑,建立起观测相对论(theory of observational relativity, OR),概括了爱因斯坦SR. OR理论阐明了相对论性的本质和根源:所有相对论性现象都是观测效应,源于观测局域性,而非真实的自然现象或物理现实. 或许,本文的观点和结论能给予我们关于时空和物质运动之相对论性现象以及爱因斯坦相对论新的认识或新的见解. |
| Abstract_FL | In 1905, inspired by the Michelson-Morley experiment, Einstein proposed the hypothesis of the invariance of the light speed ( ILS) , from which he theoretically deduced the Lorentz transformation, established the theory of special relativity ( SR) , and revealed the relativistic phenomena of spacetime and matter motion. However, to this day we still do not know exactly what role light plays in Einstein’s SR, do not fully understand why the speed of light is invariant in the Michelson-Morley experiment, and do not truly comprehend why spacetime and matter motion exhibit relativistic phenomena. Here, in light of the locality of the physical world, we develop the principle of observational locality ( POL) , and propose the hypothesis of the observational limit ( HOL ) . By taking the POL and the HOL as prerequisites, we logically deduce the invariance of observation medium speeds ( IOMSs ) and theoretically show that the Michelson-Morley experiment does not truly imply the ILS but demonstrates a significant phenomenon in physical observation: the speeds at which observation media transmit the information of observed objects exhibit observational invariance. In fact, the ILS is only a special case of the IOMSs, and is only valid if light acts as the observation medium; the speed of light is not truly an invariant that cannot be exceeded. From the IOMSs, we logically and theoretically deduce the general Lorentz transformation ( GLT) , which generalizes and unifies the Galilean transformation ( GT) and the Lorentz transformation ( LT). Under Bohr’s correspondence principle, the GLT strictly corresponds to both the GT and the LT. On the basis of the GLT, following Einstein’s logic way in SR, we establish the theory of observational relativity ( OR) , which generalizes SR. The theory of OR sheds light on the essence and root of relativistic phenomena: these phenomena all represent observational effects rooted in observational locality rather than real natural phenomena or physical reality. This study may provide an insight into Einstein’s theory of relativity and the relativistic phenomena of spacetime and matter motion. |
| Author | 阮晓钢 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 北京工业大学信息学部,北京,100124 |
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| Author_FL | RUAN Xiaogang |
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| Copyright | Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. |
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| Keywords | 时空变换 光速不变性 局域性原理 Lorentz transformation principle of locality spacetime transformation invariance of light speed 洛伦兹变换 relativistic motion 相对论性运动 |
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| Snippet | O412; 1905年,爱因斯坦依据迈克尔逊-莫雷实验,提出光速不变性( invariance of light speed, ILS)假设,从而在理论上导出洛伦兹变换,建立狭义相对论(special relativity, SR),揭示了时空和物质运动的相对论性. 然而,直到今... |
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| Title | 观测与相对论:光速在爱因斯坦狭义相对论中为什么不变? |
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