油菜直播组合式埋茬防堵装置设计与试验
S223.2; 针对长江中下游地区油菜机械化种植时土壤黏重板结、前茬秸秆留茬高、残留量大,致使油菜直播机旋耕及深施肥部件易出现秸秆缠绕、壅土堵塞等问题,导致秸秆埋覆率低、种床厢面起伏不平,影响种床质量的生产现状,该研究设计了一种适用于高茬黏重稻茬田的油菜直播机组合式埋茬防堵装置.该装置主要包括埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀,刀片在筒状刀轴上整体呈人字型排布,通过埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀配合作业,可防止旋耕及深施肥部件秸秆缠绕和黏附堵塞,实现黏重土壤细碎、高茬秸秆埋覆和厢面平整.开展理论分析与EDEM仿真,确定了埋茬弯刀回转半径为245 mm,正切面弯折线角为27 °、弯折角为125°,作业幅宽为75 mm,...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 40; no. 5; pp. 60 - 70 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
01.03.2024
华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202309197 |
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| Abstract | S223.2; 针对长江中下游地区油菜机械化种植时土壤黏重板结、前茬秸秆留茬高、残留量大,致使油菜直播机旋耕及深施肥部件易出现秸秆缠绕、壅土堵塞等问题,导致秸秆埋覆率低、种床厢面起伏不平,影响种床质量的生产现状,该研究设计了一种适用于高茬黏重稻茬田的油菜直播机组合式埋茬防堵装置.该装置主要包括埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀,刀片在筒状刀轴上整体呈人字型排布,通过埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀配合作业,可防止旋耕及深施肥部件秸秆缠绕和黏附堵塞,实现黏重土壤细碎、高茬秸秆埋覆和厢面平整.开展理论分析与EDEM仿真,确定了埋茬弯刀回转半径为245 mm,正切面弯折线角为27 °、弯折角为125°,作业幅宽为75 mm,防堵直刀回转半径为275 mm,刃磨角为15 °.田间对比试验结果表明:装有组合式埋茬防堵装置的油菜直播机在高茬黏重地表作业通过性好,未出现秸秆缠绕和黏土堵塞,厢面平整度为19.19～22.14 mm,相较于普通旋耕装置,秸秆埋覆率至少提高27.19个百分点,埋茬防堵性能良好,种床质量满足油菜直播农艺要求.研究结果可为高茬黏重工况下的种床整备装置开发提供参考. |
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| AbstractList | S223.2; 针对长江中下游地区油菜机械化种植时土壤黏重板结、前茬秸秆留茬高、残留量大,致使油菜直播机旋耕及深施肥部件易出现秸秆缠绕、壅土堵塞等问题,导致秸秆埋覆率低、种床厢面起伏不平,影响种床质量的生产现状,该研究设计了一种适用于高茬黏重稻茬田的油菜直播机组合式埋茬防堵装置.该装置主要包括埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀,刀片在筒状刀轴上整体呈人字型排布,通过埋茬弯刀和双刃旋耕刀配合作业,可防止旋耕及深施肥部件秸秆缠绕和黏附堵塞,实现黏重土壤细碎、高茬秸秆埋覆和厢面平整.开展理论分析与EDEM仿真,确定了埋茬弯刀回转半径为245 mm,正切面弯折线角为27 °、弯折角为125°,作业幅宽为75 mm,防堵直刀回转半径为275 mm,刃磨角为15 °.田间对比试验结果表明:装有组合式埋茬防堵装置的油菜直播机在高茬黏重地表作业通过性好,未出现秸秆缠绕和黏土堵塞,厢面平整度为19.19～22.14 mm,相较于普通旋耕装置,秸秆埋覆率至少提高27.19个百分点,埋茬防堵性能良好,种床质量满足油菜直播农艺要求.研究结果可为高茬黏重工况下的种床整备装置开发提供参考. |
| Abstract_FL | Rice-rape rotation is often planted in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the main winter rapeseed production area in China.But there is also the previous crop of rice straw residue and high stubble in the period of rapeseed planting.Rapeseed direct seeding machines are prone to straw entanglement,congestion,and clogging in the rotary tillage and deep fertilization,particularly for the humid and rainy climate,while the sticky and heavy plate soil.The quality of the seedbed can depend mainly on the buried cover rate of rice straw and the surface of compartments during rapeseed planting.In this study,a combined stubble burying and anti-blocking device was designed in the rapeseed direct seeding machine suitable for the high stubble,sticky,and heavy field.Two kinds of blades were included in the cylinder blade shaft in the herringbone row,including a burying stubble curved blade and a double-edged rotary blade.The burying stubble curved blade was installed in front to directly realize the deep fertilizing shovel.The soil stubble was buried at the same time.The scraping deep fertilizing shovel in front of the region also prevented the soil and straw adherence to the front surface of the fertilizing shovel.The adjacent deep fertilizing shovels were installed between the double-edged rotary blade.Both broken stubble and scraping adjacent deep fertilizing shovels were realized in the middle of the region.The soil and straw mixture clogging accumulation was reduced in the adjacent deep fertilizing shovels in the middle of the region,in order to improve the performance of deep fertilizing shovels.The counter-rotating mode was adopted to increase the operating time between the blade and the soil,in order to realize the fine crushing of the sticky soil,the burying of the high stubble,and the leveling of the compartment surface.Archimedean spiral was selected as the blade curve of the side-cutting edge on the stubble-burying curved blade.The eccentric circular arc curve was the anti-blocking straight blade.EDEM simulation was performed on the structural and working parameters of the burying stubble curved blade and double-edged rotary blade.An optimal combination was achieved,where the rotary radius of the burying stubble curved blade was 245 mm,the angle of the tangent bending line was 27°,the angle of the bending line was 125°,the width of the working width was 75 mm,the rotary radius of the anti-blocking straight blade was 275 mm,and the angle of the sharpening blade was 15°.The experiments under two working conditions showed that the rapeseed direct seeder equipped with a combined stubble burying anti-blocking device performed the higher pass rate in the high stubble and sticky surface;There was no straw winding and clay blocking,where the levelness of the compartment surface was 19.19-22.14 mm,and the straw burying rate reached more than 90％.Compared with the rapeseed direct seeding machine installed with an ordinary rotary tillage device,the levelness of the compartment surface was improved by more than 12.01 mm,and the straw mulching rate increased by more than 27.19 percentage points.The combined stubble-burying anti-blocking device shared the better performance of stubble burying and anti-blocking.The quality of the seedbed fully met the agronomic requirements for the direct seeding of rapeseed.This finding can provide a strong reference for developing seedbed preparation devices under high stubble and sticky working conditions. |
| Author | 杜文斌 廖宜涛 廖庆喜 周国威 张青松 边褀旺 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070;农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070;农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070 |
| Author_FL | LIAO Yitao LIAO Qingxi ZHOU Guowei BIAN Qiwang ZHANG Qingsong DU Wenbin |
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| DocumentTitle_FL | Design and experiment of the anti-blocking device combined stubble burying for rapeseed direct seeding |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery stubble burying and anti-blocking 埋茬防堵 rapeseed test 种床制备 试验 油菜 seed bad preparation 农业机械 |
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| Publisher | 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070 |
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| Title | 油菜直播组合式埋茬防堵装置设计与试验 |
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