顶板"人造解放层"防治冲击地压方法、机理及应用

TD324; 冲击地压矿井开展解放层(保护层)开采,能够根本性的改造采掘工作面应力集中程度,从而大范围降低采掘活动空间冲击危险性.针对无解放层可采的单一煤层矿井,为了实现冲击地压煤层区域性卸压目标,提出了煤层上覆主导致灾层位厚硬顶板区域水力压裂"人造解放层"卸压防治冲击地压方法,并建立了工程力学模型,综合采用理论分析、工程验证等方法进行区域性卸压机理及工程试验研究.结果表明,在冲击地压发生载荷供给历程中,通过区域性改造煤层上覆岩层结构与载荷,可以改变冲击地压发生必须的基础静载荷集聚;针对顶板控制型冲击地压矿井,在开拓、准备、回采不同阶段,针对影响冲击地压发生的厚硬顶板开展区...

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Published in煤炭学报 Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 636 - 648
Main Authors 潘俊锋, 康红普, 闫耀东, 马小辉, 马文涛, 陆闯, 吕大钊, 徐刚, 冯美华, 夏永学, 王冰, 高家明, 杜涛涛, 邬建宏
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京 100013%陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司,陕西咸阳 711300 01.02.2023
中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京 100013
Subjects
区域卸压
冲击地压
区域压裂
坚硬顶板
人造解放层
水力压裂
源头防治
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0253-9993
DOI10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.1727

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Abstract TD324; 冲击地压矿井开展解放层(保护层)开采,能够根本性的改造采掘工作面应力集中程度,从而大范围降低采掘活动空间冲击危险性.针对无解放层可采的单一煤层矿井,为了实现冲击地压煤层区域性卸压目标,提出了煤层上覆主导致灾层位厚硬顶板区域水力压裂"人造解放层"卸压防治冲击地压方法,并建立了工程力学模型,综合采用理论分析、工程验证等方法进行区域性卸压机理及工程试验研究.结果表明,在冲击地压发生载荷供给历程中,通过区域性改造煤层上覆岩层结构与载荷,可以改变冲击地压发生必须的基础静载荷集聚;针对顶板控制型冲击地压矿井,在开拓、准备、回采不同阶段,针对影响冲击地压发生的厚硬顶板开展区域性水力压裂改造覆岩结构与载荷分布,使得巷道掘进及工作面回采期间均处于压裂覆盖范围下的低应力区,实现冲击地压单一煤层顶板产生"人造解放层"效应;顶板区域水力压裂人造解放层卸压防治冲击地压机理为:与压裂前相比,煤层上覆厚硬顶板人为区域性致裂,在走向上使其长梁变短梁,大块变小块,从而不具备大面积悬臂功能,降低由悬空面积增大的顶板断裂带来的动载荷;在倾向方向上也使得其上覆载荷由硬传递变为软传递,降低了压裂区域下方煤层的整体静载水平;在陕西孟村煤矿401102综放工作面首次进行地面区域压裂"人造解放层"技术试验后,工作面回采期间微震事件呈现高频低能分布,顶板岩层断裂块度减小,顶板水均匀降落在采空区,工作面涌水量降低,采场及两巷压力及变形量降低显著,实现了解放层卸压效果.
AbstractList TD324; 冲击地压矿井开展解放层(保护层)开采,能够根本性的改造采掘工作面应力集中程度,从而大范围降低采掘活动空间冲击危险性.针对无解放层可采的单一煤层矿井,为了实现冲击地压煤层区域性卸压目标,提出了煤层上覆主导致灾层位厚硬顶板区域水力压裂"人造解放层"卸压防治冲击地压方法,并建立了工程力学模型,综合采用理论分析、工程验证等方法进行区域性卸压机理及工程试验研究.结果表明,在冲击地压发生载荷供给历程中,通过区域性改造煤层上覆岩层结构与载荷,可以改变冲击地压发生必须的基础静载荷集聚;针对顶板控制型冲击地压矿井,在开拓、准备、回采不同阶段,针对影响冲击地压发生的厚硬顶板开展区域性水力压裂改造覆岩结构与载荷分布,使得巷道掘进及工作面回采期间均处于压裂覆盖范围下的低应力区,实现冲击地压单一煤层顶板产生"人造解放层"效应;顶板区域水力压裂人造解放层卸压防治冲击地压机理为:与压裂前相比,煤层上覆厚硬顶板人为区域性致裂,在走向上使其长梁变短梁,大块变小块,从而不具备大面积悬臂功能,降低由悬空面积增大的顶板断裂带来的动载荷;在倾向方向上也使得其上覆载荷由硬传递变为软传递,降低了压裂区域下方煤层的整体静载水平;在陕西孟村煤矿401102综放工作面首次进行地面区域压裂"人造解放层"技术试验后,工作面回采期间微震事件呈现高频低能分布,顶板岩层断裂块度减小,顶板水均匀降落在采空区,工作面涌水量降低,采场及两巷压力及变形量降低显著,实现了解放层卸压效果.
Author 高家明
徐刚
闫耀东
夏永学
马小辉
王冰
邬建宏
冯美华
杜涛涛
康红普
马文涛
潘俊锋
陆闯
吕大钊
AuthorAffiliation 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京 100013;煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京 100013%陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司,陕西咸阳 711300
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Author_FL LU Chuang
XU Gang
WANG Bing
FENG Meihua
MA Xiaohui
XIA Yongxue
MA Wentao
KANG Hongpu
YAN Yaodong
Lü Dazhao
DU Taotao
PAN Junfeng
GAO Jiaming
WU Jianhong
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Keywords 区域卸压
冲击地压
区域压裂
坚硬顶板
人造解放层
水力压裂
源头防治
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Publisher 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京 100013%陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司,陕西咸阳 711300
中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京 100013
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Title 顶板"人造解放层"防治冲击地压方法、机理及应用
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