ヒト小臼歯における脱灰とマイクロクラックの進行の検討

Purpose: An abfraction lesion is a type of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) that presents as a sharp defect on the cervical part of a tooth, and arises from occlusal forces. Occlusal forces lead to stress on the cervical part of the tooth, resulting in disruption of the cervical enamel. There is c...

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Published inThe Japanese Journal of Conservative Dentistry Vol. 60; no. 2; pp. 89 - 95
Main Authors 半場 秀典, 中村 圭喜, 二階堂 徹, 村松 敬, 古澤 成博, 田上 順次
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published The Japanese Society of Conservative Dentistry 2017
特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科保存学会
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ISSN0387-2343
2188-0808
DOI10.11471/shikahozon.60.89

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Abstract Purpose: An abfraction lesion is a type of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) that presents as a sharp defect on the cervical part of a tooth, and arises from occlusal forces. Occlusal forces lead to stress on the cervical part of the tooth, resulting in disruption of the cervical enamel. There is complexity associated with the mechanical or chemical processes in the creation of abfraction lesions: erosion, abrasion, and attrition have all been associated with the formation of these lesions. Cervical micro-cracks predispose the surface to erosion and abrasion. This study aimed to analyze mineral density and micro-cracks in extracted teeth with NCCL after demineralization, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods: Eight premolars with NCCL were immersed in a demineralization solution (pH 4.5) for 14 days. After 0, 7, and 14 days of demineralization, the specimens were non-destructively scanned by micro-CT set to a resolution of 9.98 μm/voxel, with X-rays at 100 kV and 30 μA, 0.5-mm Al filter, and beam-hardening corrections. Grayscale values were converted to mineral density values using phantoms and 3D analysis software. Thin sections at the same positions were then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. The changes in maximum crack width (μm) in the enamel surface were measured at each time point. Results: Based on the results obtained from micro-CT images of the whole teeth after demineralization, the mineral density of the enamel at the cervical region was smaller than that at the occlusal region after 14 days of demineralization. Micro-CT images around the cementoenamel junction showed destruction of the enamel layer after demineralization. The changes in crack width in the enamel were approximately 37.3±23.7 μm after 14 days of demineralization. Comparisons of the micro-CT and SEM images revealed that the lines of the cracks were at the same positions. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, micro-cracks on the cervical surface of human premolars with NCCL were detected by micro-CT. Demineralization of the cervical region progressed along the micro-cracks. Quantitative assessment by micro-CT can be used as a non-destructive measurement for examination of abfraction lesions.  目的 : 咬耗や加齢変化によってエナメル質の菲薄化を呈することがある. さらにエナメル質が菲薄化した歯に過度な咬合力が加わると, エナメル質から象牙質へ達するマイクロクラックが生じる可能性がある. また, 咬合が関与する非う蝕性の歯頸部硬組織欠損 (NCCL) は, アブフラクションと定義される. アブフラクションの発生とマイクロクラックとの関係については不明な点が多く, 脱灰も関与しているという報告がある. 本研究では, セメントエナメル境 (CEJ) 付近の脱灰とマイクロクラックの進行の関係について, 3次元的に非破壊で観察可能なマイクロCTを用いて検討を行った. 材料と方法 : NCCLを有するヒト抜去小臼歯8本を使用した. CEJ下1mm根尖よりの範囲を除く全根面にネイルバーニッシュを塗布し, 歯を人工脱灰液中に0, 7, 14日間浸漬後, マイクロCT (SMX-100CT, 島津製作所) を用いて撮影を行った. 撮影後のデータを骨梁構造計測ソフト (TRI/3DBON, ラトック) により3次元構築し, 歯冠全体のミネラル変化およびマイクロクラックを解析した. また, 観察後の試料を包埋, 半切し, 研磨後にSEM観察を行った. マイクロCTで得られた歯冠側面中央部のエナメル質に観察されたマイクロクラックの最大幅を求め, 統計学的処理を行った. 結果 : 脱灰前後のマイクロCT像を比較した結果, 全体的なミネラル低下を示し, 特に歯冠側面やCEJ下根面の顕著なミネラル低下が認められた. 脱灰の進行により, CEJ付近のエナメル質が菲薄化して残存する形態が観察された. マイクロクラック幅の計測の結果, 14日間脱灰後の幅は7日後よりも有意に増加した (p<0.05). NCCL付近のSEM像とマイクロCT像において, 同部位に数μm以上のマイクロクラックが観察された. 結論 : 本研究で使用したNCCLを有する小臼歯において, マイクロクラックに沿って脱灰が進行することが示唆された. またマイクロCT解析は, 3次元的に脱灰およびマイクロクラックを観察することができ, アブフラクションを想定した解析モデルの経時的な観察に有用であることが示唆された.
AbstractList Purpose: An abfraction lesion is a type of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) that presents as a sharp defect on the cervical part of a tooth, and arises from occlusal forces. Occlusal forces lead to stress on the cervical part of the tooth, resulting in disruption of the cervical enamel. There is complexity associated with the mechanical or chemical processes in the creation of abfraction lesions: erosion, abrasion, and attrition have all been associated with the formation of these lesions. Cervical micro-cracks predispose the surface to erosion and abrasion. This study aimed to analyze mineral density and micro-cracks in extracted teeth with NCCL after demineralization, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods: Eight premolars with NCCL were immersed in a demineralization solution (pH 4.5) for 14 days. After 0, 7, and 14 days of demineralization, the specimens were non-destructively scanned by micro-CT set to a resolution of 9.98 μm/voxel, with X-rays at 100 kV and 30 μA, 0.5-mm Al filter, and beam-hardening corrections. Grayscale values were converted to mineral density values using phantoms and 3D analysis software. Thin sections at the same positions were then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. The changes in maximum crack width (μm) in the enamel surface were measured at each time point. Results: Based on the results obtained from micro-CT images of the whole teeth after demineralization, the mineral density of the enamel at the cervical region was smaller than that at the occlusal region after 14 days of demineralization. Micro-CT images around the cementoenamel junction showed destruction of the enamel layer after demineralization. The changes in crack width in the enamel were approximately 37.3±23.7 μm after 14 days of demineralization. Comparisons of the micro-CT and SEM images revealed that the lines of the cracks were at the same positions. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, micro-cracks on the cervical surface of human premolars with NCCL were detected by micro-CT. Demineralization of the cervical region progressed along the micro-cracks. Quantitative assessment by micro-CT can be used as a non-destructive measurement for examination of abfraction lesions.  目的 : 咬耗や加齢変化によってエナメル質の菲薄化を呈することがある. さらにエナメル質が菲薄化した歯に過度な咬合力が加わると, エナメル質から象牙質へ達するマイクロクラックが生じる可能性がある. また, 咬合が関与する非う蝕性の歯頸部硬組織欠損 (NCCL) は, アブフラクションと定義される. アブフラクションの発生とマイクロクラックとの関係については不明な点が多く, 脱灰も関与しているという報告がある. 本研究では, セメントエナメル境 (CEJ) 付近の脱灰とマイクロクラックの進行の関係について, 3次元的に非破壊で観察可能なマイクロCTを用いて検討を行った. 材料と方法 : NCCLを有するヒト抜去小臼歯8本を使用した. CEJ下1mm根尖よりの範囲を除く全根面にネイルバーニッシュを塗布し, 歯を人工脱灰液中に0, 7, 14日間浸漬後, マイクロCT (SMX-100CT, 島津製作所) を用いて撮影を行った. 撮影後のデータを骨梁構造計測ソフト (TRI/3DBON, ラトック) により3次元構築し, 歯冠全体のミネラル変化およびマイクロクラックを解析した. また, 観察後の試料を包埋, 半切し, 研磨後にSEM観察を行った. マイクロCTで得られた歯冠側面中央部のエナメル質に観察されたマイクロクラックの最大幅を求め, 統計学的処理を行った. 結果 : 脱灰前後のマイクロCT像を比較した結果, 全体的なミネラル低下を示し, 特に歯冠側面やCEJ下根面の顕著なミネラル低下が認められた. 脱灰の進行により, CEJ付近のエナメル質が菲薄化して残存する形態が観察された. マイクロクラック幅の計測の結果, 14日間脱灰後の幅は7日後よりも有意に増加した (p<0.05). NCCL付近のSEM像とマイクロCT像において, 同部位に数μm以上のマイクロクラックが観察された. 結論 : 本研究で使用したNCCLを有する小臼歯において, マイクロクラックに沿って脱灰が進行することが示唆された. またマイクロCT解析は, 3次元的に脱灰およびマイクロクラックを観察することができ, アブフラクションを想定した解析モデルの経時的な観察に有用であることが示唆された.
Author 二階堂 徹
村松 敬
古澤 成博
中村 圭喜
田上 順次
半場 秀典
Author_FL Hidenori HAMBA
Junji TAGAMI
Toru NIKAIDO
Keiki NAKAMURA
Masahiro FURUSAWA
Takashi MURAMATSU
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  organization: Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) | 東京医科歯科大学大学院医歯学総合研究科 医歯学系専攻 口腔機能再構築学講座 う蝕制御学分野
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マイクロCTを用いたアブフラクションモデルによる解析
A Three-dimensional Model for Analyzing Abfraction Lesions
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特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科保存学会
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Snippet Purpose: An abfraction lesion is a type of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) that presents as a sharp defect on the cervical part of a tooth, and arises from...
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StartPage 89
SubjectTerms abfraction
demineralization
micro-crack
micro-CT
アブフラクション
マイクロCT
マイクロクラック
脱灰
Title ヒト小臼歯における脱灰とマイクロクラックの進行の検討
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