Relationship between Recognition of “the Poor” and Criminal Law Reform in Benthamite Utilitarianism: Focusing on the Criticism of Natural Rights Theory
This paper analyzes the purpose and legitimacy of relief support for “the poor” under positive law in Benthamite utilitarianism. First, the author compares the recognition of “the poor” in Jeremy Bentham’s theory of utility with their recognition in John Locke’s theory of natural rights. Second, the...
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| Published in | Eibeibunka: Studies in English Language, Literature and Culture Vol. 54; pp. 61 - 80 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
The Society of English Studies
31.03.2024
英米文化学会 |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0917-3536 2424-2381 |
| DOI | 10.20802/eibeibunka.54.0_61 |
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| Abstract | This paper analyzes the purpose and legitimacy of relief support for “the poor” under positive law in Benthamite utilitarianism. First, the author compares the recognition of “the poor” in Jeremy Bentham’s theory of utility with their recognition in John Locke’s theory of natural rights. Second, the author considers it in conjunction with the purpose of criminal law reform. Locke’s ideas included no assumption of the rights of “the poor” as citizens. On the other hand, Bentham’s theory of utility argued that to enhance utility for society, it was necessary to alleviate the suffering of the “the poor.” Bentham justified bringing “the poor” under the control of the law in support of positive legalism associated with utilitarianism. This coincided with the desire of industrial capitalists to control property infringements by the “the poor” more effectively through positive law and promoted the criminal law reform movement. |
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| AbstractList | This paper analyzes the purpose and legitimacy of relief support for “the poor” under positive law in Benthamite utilitarianism. First, the author compares the recognition of “the poor” in Jeremy Bentham’s theory of utility with their recognition in John Locke’s theory of natural rights. Second, the author considers it in conjunction with the purpose of criminal law reform. Locke’s ideas included no assumption of the rights of “the poor” as citizens. On the other hand, Bentham’s theory of utility argued that to enhance utility for society, it was necessary to alleviate the suffering of the “the poor.” Bentham justified bringing “the poor” under the control of the law in support of positive legalism associated with utilitarianism. This coincided with the desire of industrial capitalists to control property infringements by the “the poor” more effectively through positive law and promoted the criminal law reform movement. |
| Author | TOMIKAWA, Takako |
| Author_FL | 冨川 多佳子 |
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| References | Thompson, E. P., Whig and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, London: Allen Lane, 1975. フーコー，ミシェル，田村俶訳，『監獄の誕生―監視と処罰』，新潮社，2020年。原著：Surveiller Et Punir: Naissance de Prison, Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1975. Campos-Boralevi, Lea, Bentham and the Oppressed, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1984. 坂井広明，「ベンサムにおける快楽主義の位相とマイノリティーの問題【『男色論』に注目して】」，『社会思想史研究』，vol. 26，藤原書店，2002年，62–74頁 深田三徳，「自然権論と功利主義」，長尾龍一ほか編，『法思想』（現代法哲学2），東京大学出版会，1983年，65–94頁。――，『法実証主義と功利主義―ベンサムとその周辺―』，木鐸社，1984年 Bentham, Jeremy, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, edited by J. H. Burns and H. L. Hart, London: The Athlone Press, 17891, 1970. 邦訳：中山元，『道徳および立法の諸原理序説』（上・下），筑摩書房，2022年。――, Principles of Legislation, Principles of the Civil Code, translated and edited from the French of Étienne Dumont by Charles Milner Atkinson, vol. 1, London: Humphrey Milford, 1914. トレヴェリアン，G. M.，大野真弓監訳，『イギリス史1』，みすず書房，1973年。――，『イギリス史2』，みすず書房，1974年。原著：History of England, London: Longmans, 1929. Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, a critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus by Peter Laslett, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 16901, 1960.邦訳：加藤節，『完訳 統治二論』，岩波書店，2010年 冨川多佳子，「『ジプシー』関連法からみる産業革命期イングランドの刑法改革―功利性追求と『マイノリティ』―」，『ヨーロッパ研究』，vol. 17，東北大学大学院国際文化研究科ヨーロッパ文化論講座，2023年，27–50頁 伊原吉之助，『ベンサムの功利主義体系』，龍谷大学龍谷学会，1960年 マクファースン，C. B.，藤野渉ほか訳，『所有的個人主義の政治理論』，合同出版，1980年。原著：The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962. 安彦一恵，「ベンサムの（もう一つの）科学主義」，『実践哲学研究』，vol. 20,京都倫理学会，1997年，1–18頁 田代不二男，『英国の救貧制度』，有斐閣，1958年 Pennock, J. R., “Rights, Natural Rights, and Human Rights: A General View”, Human Rights, vol. 23, American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, 1981, pp. 1–28. 大沢真里，『イギリス社会政策史』，東京大学出版会，1986年 柳本正春，『イギリスにおける罪と罰』（成文堂選書7），成文堂，1989年 川北稔ほか編，『イギリス史新版世界各国史11』，山川出版社，1998年 |
| References_xml | – reference: トレヴェリアン，G. M.，大野真弓監訳，『イギリス史1』，みすず書房，1973年。――，『イギリス史2』，みすず書房，1974年。原著：History of England, London: Longmans, 1929. – reference: Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, a critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus by Peter Laslett, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 16901, 1960.邦訳：加藤節，『完訳 統治二論』，岩波書店，2010年。 – reference: 川北稔ほか編，『イギリス史新版世界各国史11』，山川出版社，1998年。 – reference: マクファースン，C. B.，藤野渉ほか訳，『所有的個人主義の政治理論』，合同出版，1980年。原著：The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962. – reference: 柳本正春，『イギリスにおける罪と罰』（成文堂選書7），成文堂，1989年。 – reference: Bentham, Jeremy, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, edited by J. H. Burns and H. L. Hart, London: The Athlone Press, 17891, 1970. 邦訳：中山元，『道徳および立法の諸原理序説』（上・下），筑摩書房，2022年。――, Principles of Legislation, Principles of the Civil Code, translated and edited from the French of Étienne Dumont by Charles Milner Atkinson, vol. 1, London: Humphrey Milford, 1914. – reference: 伊原吉之助，『ベンサムの功利主義体系』，龍谷大学龍谷学会，1960年。 – reference: Thompson, E. P., Whig and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, London: Allen Lane, 1975. – reference: Campos-Boralevi, Lea, Bentham and the Oppressed, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1984. – reference: 大沢真里，『イギリス社会政策史』，東京大学出版会，1986年。 – reference: 冨川多佳子，「『ジプシー』関連法からみる産業革命期イングランドの刑法改革―功利性追求と『マイノリティ』―」，『ヨーロッパ研究』，vol. 17，東北大学大学院国際文化研究科ヨーロッパ文化論講座，2023年，27–50頁。 – reference: Pennock, J. R., “Rights, Natural Rights, and Human Rights: A General View”, Human Rights, vol. 23, American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, 1981, pp. 1–28. – reference: 深田三徳，「自然権論と功利主義」，長尾龍一ほか編，『法思想』（現代法哲学2），東京大学出版会，1983年，65–94頁。――，『法実証主義と功利主義―ベンサムとその周辺―』，木鐸社，1984年。 – reference: 安彦一恵，「ベンサムの（もう一つの）科学主義」，『実践哲学研究』，vol. 20,京都倫理学会，1997年，1–18頁。 – reference: フーコー，ミシェル，田村俶訳，『監獄の誕生―監視と処罰』，新潮社，2020年。原著：Surveiller Et Punir: Naissance de Prison, Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1975. – reference: 田代不二男，『英国の救貧制度』，有斐閣，1958年。 – reference: 坂井広明，「ベンサムにおける快楽主義の位相とマイノリティーの問題【『男色論』に注目して】」，『社会思想史研究』，vol. 26，藤原書店，2002年，62–74頁。 |
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| Title | Relationship between Recognition of “the Poor” and Criminal Law Reform in Benthamite Utilitarianism: Focusing on the Criticism of Natural Rights Theory |
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