我が国におけるたばこ規制枠組条約第9，10条「たばこ製品の成分規制とたばこ製品の情報開示に関する規制」に基づいたたばこ対策の必要性
「1. 喫煙による健康影響について」1962年に, 英国のロンドン王立医師協会(Royal College of Physicians of London)は「喫煙が, 肺がんの原因になる」という先駆的な報告をした. また1964年の米国公衆衛生総監報告書では, 喫煙は男性の肺がん及び慢性気管支炎の原因であるという結論を報告した. それ以後, 喫煙及び受動喫煙に関する健康影響の報告は増え続け, 現在, 国際がん研究機関(International Agency for Research on Cancer;IARC)の発がん性リスク一覧で, 「喫煙」「受動喫煙」「たばこ煙」さらには「無煙たばこ...
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| Published in | 日本衛生学雑誌 Vol. 70; no. 1; pp. 15 - 23 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
01.01.2015
日本衛生学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5082 1882-6482 |
| DOI | 10.1265/jjh.70.15 |
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| Abstract | 「1. 喫煙による健康影響について」1962年に, 英国のロンドン王立医師協会(Royal College of Physicians of London)は「喫煙が, 肺がんの原因になる」という先駆的な報告をした. また1964年の米国公衆衛生総監報告書では, 喫煙は男性の肺がん及び慢性気管支炎の原因であるという結論を報告した. それ以後, 喫煙及び受動喫煙に関する健康影響の報告は増え続け, 現在, 国際がん研究機関(International Agency for Research on Cancer;IARC)の発がん性リスク一覧で, 「喫煙」「受動喫煙」「たばこ煙」さらには「無煙たばこ」はグループ1(ヒトにおける発がん性がある)に指定されている. これは, たばこ製品の煙には喫煙者と受動喫煙者にとって有害な化学物質が含有され, これらの複合曝露によって健康影響が生じているためであり, これを防ぐためには, 有害化学物質の低減化を行うなどのたばこ製品規制を含むたばこ対策が, 不可欠である. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 「1. 喫煙による健康影響について」1962年に, 英国のロンドン王立医師協会(Royal College of Physicians of London)は「喫煙が, 肺がんの原因になる」という先駆的な報告をした. また1964年の米国公衆衛生総監報告書では, 喫煙は男性の肺がん及び慢性気管支炎の原因であるという結論を報告した. それ以後, 喫煙及び受動喫煙に関する健康影響の報告は増え続け, 現在, 国際がん研究機関(International Agency for Research on Cancer;IARC)の発がん性リスク一覧で, 「喫煙」「受動喫煙」「たばこ煙」さらには「無煙たばこ」はグループ1(ヒトにおける発がん性がある)に指定されている. これは, たばこ製品の煙には喫煙者と受動喫煙者にとって有害な化学物質が含有され, これらの複合曝露によって健康影響が生じているためであり, これを防ぐためには, 有害化学物質の低減化を行うなどのたばこ製品規制を含むたばこ対策が, 不可欠である. |
| Author | 稲葉, 洋平 内山, 茂久 欅田, 尚樹 |
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| References | (3) IARC. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2004;83:1–1438. (17) ISO Standard 4387. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-determination of total and nicotine free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine, third ed. 2000. (25) World Health Organization. Standard operating procedure for intense smoking of cigarettes (WHO Tobacco Laboratory Network (TobLabNet) official method Standard operating procedure 01). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2012. (24) World Health Organization. Standard operating procedure for determination of nicotine in cigarette tobacco filler (WHO Tobacco Laboratory Network (TobLabNet) official method Standard operating procedure 04). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2014. (20) Ueda K, Kawachi I, Nakamura M, Nogami H, Shirokawa N, Masui S, Okayama A, Oshima A. Cigarette nicotine yields and nicotine intake among Japanese male workers. Tob Control 2002;11:55–60. (16) ISO Standard 3308. International Organization for Standardization. Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine-definitions and standard conditions, fourth ed. 2000. (37) McNeill A, Hammond D, Gartner C. Whither tobacco product regulation? Tob Control 2012;21:221–226. (1) Royal College of Physicians. Smoking and Health: A report of the Royal College of Physicians on smoking in relation to cancer of the lung and other diseases. London: Royal College of Physicians, 1962. (33) 稲葉洋平，大久保忠利，内山茂久，欅田尚樹．国産たばこ銘柄のたばこ葉に含有されるニコチン，たばこ特異的ニトロソアミンと変異原性測定．日本衛生学雑誌2013;68:46–52 (2) Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1964. (7) Murakami Y, Miura K, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Population attributable numbers and fractions of deaths due to smoking: A pooled analysis of 180,000 Japanese. Prev Med 2011;52:60–65. (27) O’Connor RJ, Hurley PJ. Existing technologies to reduce specific toxicant emissions in cigarette smoke. Tob Control 2008;17 Suppl 1:i39–48. (5) Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. (4) IARC. A review of human carcinogens: personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2012;100E:1–579. (11) The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Partial guidelines for implementation of Articles 9 and 10: Regulation of the contents of tobacco products and regulation of tobacco product disclosures. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012. (29) Hammond D, Wiebel F, Kozlowski LT, Borland R, Cummings KM, O’Connor RJ, McNeill A, Connolly GN, Arnott D, Fong GT. Revising the machine smoking regime for cigarette emissions: implications for tobacco control policy. Tob Control 2007;16:8–14. (18) ISO Standard 10315. International Organization for Standardization. Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-gas chromatographic method, second ed. 2000. (19) Matsumoto M, Inaba Y, Yamaguchi I, Endo O, Hammond D, Uchiyama S, Suzuki G. Smoking topography and biomarkers of exposure among Japanese smokers: associations with cigarette emissions obtained using machine smoking protocols. Environ Health Prev Med 2013;18:95–103. (21) フィリップモリス．測定方式．http://www.pmi.com/ja_jp/tobacco_regulation/regulating_tobacco_products/regulation_of_tobacco_smoke/pages/testing_methods.aspx（2014年8月18日接続） (30) Method T-115. Health Canada. Determination of “Tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream tobacco smoke. 1999. (34) Gray N, Borland R. Research required for the effective implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control, articles 9 and 10. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:777–788. (12) 欅田尚樹．嗅ぎたばこのガス成分の測定．厚生労働科学研究費補助金 循環器疾患・糖尿病等生活習慣病対策総合研究事業 飲食店等多数の者が利用する施設における受動喫煙対策の実態及び課題に関する研究（研究代表者 大和浩）平成23年度総括・分担研究報告書，2012;12–18 (22) 日本たばこ協会．平成25（2013）年 タール・ニコチン含有量．http://www.tioj.or.jp/data/pdf/140418_02.pdf（2014年8月18日接続） (28) World Health Organization. Report on mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: tobacco-specific nitrosamines and selected other constituents. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, WHO Technical Report Series, 2008;951. (39) 厚生労働省．無煙たばこ・スヌースの健康影響について．http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/tobacco/muen/（2014年9月11日接続） (15) Harris B. The intractable cigarette ‘filter problem’. Tob Control 2011;20(Suppl 1):i10–i16. (31) Endo O, Matsumoto M, Inaba Y, Sugita K, Nakajima D, Ogata H, Suzuki G. Nicotine, tar, and mutagenicity of mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking with International Organization for Standardization and Health Canada intense regimens of major Japanese cigarette brands. J Health Sci 2009;55:421–427. (10) Ikeda N, Saito E, Kondo N, Inoue M, Ikeda S, Satoh T, Wada K, Stickley A, Katanoda K, Mizoue T, Noda M, Iso H, Fujino Y, Sobue T, Tsugane S, Naghavi M, Ezzati M, Shibuya K. What has made the population of Japan healthy? Lancet 2011;378:1094–1105. (36) IARC. Smokeless tobacco and some tobacco-specific N-nitrosamnes. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2007;89:421–583. (32) 杉山晃一，稲葉洋平，大久保忠利，内山茂久，高木敬彦，欅田尚樹．国産たばこ主流煙中たばこ特異的ニトロソアミン類の異なる捕集法を用いた測定．日本衛生学雑誌2012;67:423–430 (9) 片野田耕太，望月友美子，雑賀公美子，祖父江友孝．わが国における受動喫煙起因死亡数の推計．厚生の指標2010;57 (8) Ikeda N, Inoue M, Iso H, Ikeda S, Satoh T, Noda M, Mizoue T, Imano H, Saito E, Katanoda K, Sobue T, Tsugane S, Naghavi M, Ezzati M, Shibuya K. Adult mortality attributable to preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan: a comparative risk assessment. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001160. (23) Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry. Guidance for Industry Reporting Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke Under Section 904(a) (3) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Food and Drug Administration, 2012. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/UCM297828.pdf（2014年8月18日接続） (14) Kozlowski L, O’Conner R. Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs, and blocked vents. Tob Control 2002;11:i40–50. (26) Burns DM, Dybing E, Gray N, Hecht S, Anderson C, Sanner T, O’Connor R, Djordjevic M, Dresler C, Hainaut P, Jarvis M, Opperhuizen A, Straif K. Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal. Tob Control 2008;17:132–141. (6) Katanoda K, Marugame T, Saika K, Satoh H, Tajima K, Suzuki T, Tamakoshi A, Tsugane S, Sobue T. Population attributable fraction of mortality associated with tobacco smoking in Japan: a pooled analysis of three large-scale cohort studies. J Epidemiol 2008;18:251–264. (13) 戸次加奈江，稲葉洋平，欅田尚樹．「たばこの規制に関する世界保健機関枠組条約」第11条「たばこ製品の包装及びラベル」について．日本衛生学雑誌2015;70:24–32 (35) 2014/40/EC指令．http://ec.europa.eu/health/tobacco/docs/dir_201440_en.pdf（2014年7月11日接続） (38) 日本学術会議健康・生活科学委員会・歯学委員会合同脱タバコ社会の実現分科会．「無煙タバコ製品（スヌースを含む）による健康被害を阻止するための緊急提言」．http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/kohyo-22-t177-1.pdf |
| References_xml | – reference: (6) Katanoda K, Marugame T, Saika K, Satoh H, Tajima K, Suzuki T, Tamakoshi A, Tsugane S, Sobue T. Population attributable fraction of mortality associated with tobacco smoking in Japan: a pooled analysis of three large-scale cohort studies. J Epidemiol 2008;18:251–264. – reference: (15) Harris B. The intractable cigarette ‘filter problem’. Tob Control 2011;20(Suppl 1):i10–i16. – reference: (8) Ikeda N, Inoue M, Iso H, Ikeda S, Satoh T, Noda M, Mizoue T, Imano H, Saito E, Katanoda K, Sobue T, Tsugane S, Naghavi M, Ezzati M, Shibuya K. Adult mortality attributable to preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan: a comparative risk assessment. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001160. – reference: (13) 戸次加奈江，稲葉洋平，欅田尚樹．「たばこの規制に関する世界保健機関枠組条約」第11条「たばこ製品の包装及びラベル」について．日本衛生学雑誌2015;70:24–32． – reference: (28) World Health Organization. Report on mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: tobacco-specific nitrosamines and selected other constituents. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, WHO Technical Report Series, 2008;951. – reference: (34) Gray N, Borland R. Research required for the effective implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control, articles 9 and 10. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:777–788. – reference: (5) Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. – reference: (10) Ikeda N, Saito E, Kondo N, Inoue M, Ikeda S, Satoh T, Wada K, Stickley A, Katanoda K, Mizoue T, Noda M, Iso H, Fujino Y, Sobue T, Tsugane S, Naghavi M, Ezzati M, Shibuya K. What has made the population of Japan healthy? Lancet 2011;378:1094–1105. – reference: (37) McNeill A, Hammond D, Gartner C. Whither tobacco product regulation? Tob Control 2012;21:221–226. – reference: (33) 稲葉洋平，大久保忠利，内山茂久，欅田尚樹．国産たばこ銘柄のたばこ葉に含有されるニコチン，たばこ特異的ニトロソアミンと変異原性測定．日本衛生学雑誌2013;68:46–52． – reference: (36) IARC. Smokeless tobacco and some tobacco-specific N-nitrosamnes. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2007;89:421–583. – reference: (20) Ueda K, Kawachi I, Nakamura M, Nogami H, Shirokawa N, Masui S, Okayama A, Oshima A. Cigarette nicotine yields and nicotine intake among Japanese male workers. Tob Control 2002;11:55–60. – reference: (7) Murakami Y, Miura K, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Population attributable numbers and fractions of deaths due to smoking: A pooled analysis of 180,000 Japanese. Prev Med 2011;52:60–65. – reference: (9) 片野田耕太，望月友美子，雑賀公美子，祖父江友孝．わが国における受動喫煙起因死亡数の推計．厚生の指標2010;57． – reference: (32) 杉山晃一，稲葉洋平，大久保忠利，内山茂久，高木敬彦，欅田尚樹．国産たばこ主流煙中たばこ特異的ニトロソアミン類の異なる捕集法を用いた測定．日本衛生学雑誌2012;67:423–430． – reference: (3) IARC. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2004;83:1–1438. – reference: (19) Matsumoto M, Inaba Y, Yamaguchi I, Endo O, Hammond D, Uchiyama S, Suzuki G. Smoking topography and biomarkers of exposure among Japanese smokers: associations with cigarette emissions obtained using machine smoking protocols. Environ Health Prev Med 2013;18:95–103. – reference: (12) 欅田尚樹．嗅ぎたばこのガス成分の測定．厚生労働科学研究費補助金 循環器疾患・糖尿病等生活習慣病対策総合研究事業 飲食店等多数の者が利用する施設における受動喫煙対策の実態及び課題に関する研究（研究代表者 大和浩）平成23年度総括・分担研究報告書，2012;12–18． – reference: (25) World Health Organization. Standard operating procedure for intense smoking of cigarettes (WHO Tobacco Laboratory Network (TobLabNet) official method Standard operating procedure 01). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2012. – reference: (31) Endo O, Matsumoto M, Inaba Y, Sugita K, Nakajima D, Ogata H, Suzuki G. Nicotine, tar, and mutagenicity of mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking with International Organization for Standardization and Health Canada intense regimens of major Japanese cigarette brands. J Health Sci 2009;55:421–427. – reference: (27) O’Connor RJ, Hurley PJ. Existing technologies to reduce specific toxicant emissions in cigarette smoke. Tob Control 2008;17 Suppl 1:i39–48. – reference: (21) フィリップモリス．測定方式．http://www.pmi.com/ja_jp/tobacco_regulation/regulating_tobacco_products/regulation_of_tobacco_smoke/pages/testing_methods.aspx（2014年8月18日接続） – reference: (35) 2014/40/EC指令．http://ec.europa.eu/health/tobacco/docs/dir_201440_en.pdf（2014年7月11日接続） – reference: (30) Method T-115. Health Canada. Determination of “Tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream tobacco smoke. 1999. – reference: (2) Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1964. – reference: (4) IARC. A review of human carcinogens: personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2012;100E:1–579. – reference: (11) The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Partial guidelines for implementation of Articles 9 and 10: Regulation of the contents of tobacco products and regulation of tobacco product disclosures. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012. – reference: (14) Kozlowski L, O’Conner R. Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs, and blocked vents. Tob Control 2002;11:i40–50. – reference: (17) ISO Standard 4387. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-determination of total and nicotine free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine, third ed. 2000. – reference: (29) Hammond D, Wiebel F, Kozlowski LT, Borland R, Cummings KM, O’Connor RJ, McNeill A, Connolly GN, Arnott D, Fong GT. Revising the machine smoking regime for cigarette emissions: implications for tobacco control policy. Tob Control 2007;16:8–14. – reference: (39) 厚生労働省．無煙たばこ・スヌースの健康影響について．http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/tobacco/muen/（2014年9月11日接続） – reference: (26) Burns DM, Dybing E, Gray N, Hecht S, Anderson C, Sanner T, O’Connor R, Djordjevic M, Dresler C, Hainaut P, Jarvis M, Opperhuizen A, Straif K. Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal. Tob Control 2008;17:132–141. – reference: (23) Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry. Guidance for Industry Reporting Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke Under Section 904(a) (3) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Food and Drug Administration, 2012. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/UCM297828.pdf（2014年8月18日接続） – reference: (24) World Health Organization. Standard operating procedure for determination of nicotine in cigarette tobacco filler (WHO Tobacco Laboratory Network (TobLabNet) official method Standard operating procedure 04). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2014. – reference: (1) Royal College of Physicians. Smoking and Health: A report of the Royal College of Physicians on smoking in relation to cancer of the lung and other diseases. London: Royal College of Physicians, 1962. – reference: (22) 日本たばこ協会．平成25（2013）年 タール・ニコチン含有量．http://www.tioj.or.jp/data/pdf/140418_02.pdf（2014年8月18日接続） – reference: (18) ISO Standard 10315. 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| Snippet | 「1. 喫煙による健康影響について」1962年に, 英国のロンドン王立医師協会(Royal College of Physicians of London)は「喫煙が, 肺がんの原因になる」という先駆的な報... |
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| SubjectTerms | たばこの製品規制 たばこの規制に関する世界保健機関枠組条約 ニコチン依存 有害性 魅惑性 |
| Title | 我が国におけるたばこ規制枠組条約第9，10条「たばこ製品の成分規制とたばこ製品の情報開示に関する規制」に基づいたたばこ対策の必要性 |
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